CHEM 241A: STUDY GUIDE
39 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Alkane
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C-C
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Alkyl Halide
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R-X
carbon bonded to a halide (F, Cl, Br, or I)
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Alkene
|
C double bond to C
|
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Alkyne
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C triple bond to C
|
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Alcohol
|
R-O-H
contains hydroxyl (-OH) attached to carbon
|
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Ether
|
R-O-R
oxygen bonded to two carbons
|
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Thiol
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R-S-H
functional group -SH bonded to a carbon
|
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Sulfide
|
R-S-R
sulfur atom bonded to two carbon atoms
|
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Aldehyde
|
H-C=O
carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen attached to at least one hydrogen
|
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Ketone
|
R-CO-R
carbon of the carbonyl group is attached to two other carbons
|
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Carboxylic Acid
|
R-COO-H
contains a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydroxy group (OH)
|
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Carboxylic Acid Halide
|
R-CO-X
contains a carbonyl (C=O) attached to a halide
|
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Ester
|
R-COO-R
contains a carbonyl (C=O) attached to an alkoxyl group (OR)
|
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Amine
|
R-NH2
|
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Amide
|
R-CO-NH2
the hydroxyl group oh a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen group
|
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Nitrile
|
R-CN
carbon nitrogen triple bond
|
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Rate Law for SN1
|
k[R-X]
|
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Rate Law for SN2
|
k[nucleophile][R-X]
|
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Rate Law for E1
|
k[R-OMs]
|
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Rate Law for E2
|
k[R-X][Base]
|
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Creates a racemic mixture
|
SN1
|
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Involves Inversion and is sped up by protic solvent
|
SN2
|
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Concerted Reactions
|
SN2 and E2
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Stepwise Reactions
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SN1 and E1
|
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Reacts with WEAK BASE and HEAT
|
E1
|
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Reacts with STRONG base and HEAT
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E2
|
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Uses GREAT nucleophile and Polar Protic Solvent
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SN2
|
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Uses POOR Nucleophile and Polar Protic Solvent
|
SN1
|
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Only one to react with methyl
|
SN2
|
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Only two to react with primary
|
SN2 and E2
|
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Reacts with tertiary in sub rxn
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SN1
|
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Causes Hofmann product to form in elimination rxn
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Hindered (Bulky Bases) such as Potassium t-butoxide, DBN, and DBU
|
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Name all leaving groups
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Cl, Br, I, OMs, OTs, and OH2 (water)
|
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NBS (N-bromo succinimide)
|
...
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DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide)
|
...
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THF (tetrahydrofuran)
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Definition
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DMS (dimethylsulfide)
|
...
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Strong Acids
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HI, HBr, HCl, HIO4, HNO3, H3O+, H2SO4
|
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Strong Bases
|
KOH, NaOH, CH3O-
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CHEM 241A: STUDY GUIDE