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True
True/False According to the dictionary, the term ethics has a variety of different meanings. One of itsmeanings is: The principles of conduct governing an individual or a group.
e. All the above
Moral standards can be distinguished from non-moral standards using the following characteristics: a. They deal with matters that can seriously injure or benefit humans. b. Are not established or changed by authoritative bodies. c. They are based on impartial considerations. d. A & C …
True
True/False Ethics is the discipline that examines one's moral standards, or the moral standards of a society.
b. Systematic, corporate and individual
Though business ethics covers a variety of topics, three basic types of issues are: a. Systematic, corporate and public b. Systematic, corporate and individual c. Individual, group and social d. None of the above
False
True/False Ethical relativism is the theory that, even though different societies may have different ethical beliefs, there is still a reasonable and rational method of determining whether an action is morally right or wrong other than by asking the people of that society what they bel…
False
True/False Lawrence Kohlberg identified twelve stages of moral development.
e. A, B & C
To evaluate the adequacy of moral reasoning, ethicists employ the following criteria: a. Moral reasoning must be logical. b. Factual evidence must be accurate, relevant, and complete. c. Moral standards must be consistent. d. A & B e. A, B & C
True
True/False Producing what the buying public wants may not be the same as producing what the entirety of society needs. The argument is essentially making a normative judgment on the basis of some assumed but unproved moral standards.
True
True/False The “Loyal Agent Argument” states: An employer would want to be served in whatever ways will advance his or her self-interests. Therefore, as a loyal agent of his or her employer, the manager has a duty to serve his or her employer in whatever ways will advance the employer'…
False
True/False The Prisoner’s Dilemma demonstrates that cooperation is not more advantageous than continuously trying to cooperate with others, at least when we will meet these others again.
True
True/False Enron evolved into a major commodity trader dealing in oil, gas, electricity, water and Internet space.
True
True/False Utilitarianism characterizes the moral approach taken by Ford in the infamous Pinto case study.
False
True/False Few businesses maintain that the socially responsible course to take is the utilitarian one with the lowest net costs.
d. All the above
Considerations to follow in determining what the moral thing to do might be are: a. You must determine what alternative actions are available. b. You must estimate the direct and indirect costs and benefits the action would produce for all involved in the foreseeable future. c. You mus…
True
True/False Utilitarianism is attractive to many because it matches the views we tend to hold when discussing governmental policies and public goods.
True
True/False Cost–benefit analysis is used to determine the desirability of investing in a project (such as a dam, factory, or public park) by figuring whether its present and future economic benefits outweigh its present and future economic costs.
e. A & C
Major problems with the utilitarian reliance on measurement include: a. Comparative measures of the values things have for different people cannot be made; we cannot get into each others' skins to measure the pleasure or pain caused. b. All benefits and costs are possible to measure. c…
True
True/False Intrinsic goods are things that are desired for their own sake, such as health and life.
True
True/False Rule utilitarianism looks only at moral rules of a particular action.
True
True/False Negative rights are defined entirely in terms of the duties others have not to interfere with you.
a. A free and equal person
Immanuel Kant’s principle, called the categorical imperative, requires that everyone be treated as: a. A free and equal person b. A dependent employee c. An indentured person a. A non-resident employee
b. Utilitarian
“It might be true that society as a whole would benefit by having some group discriminated against” is a/an _____ argument for discrimination. a. Kantian b. Utilitarian c. Capitalist d. Communist
true
True/False Kant would argue that humans should be treated as ends in themselves and never as a means to an end. Therefore, discrimination is wrong because it violates people's rights to be treated as equals.
false
True/False Rawls would argue that it is unjust to give some people more opportunity than others.
true
True/False In Rawls theory of justice and fairness impartiality heavily relies on original position and a veil of ignorance.
e. None of the above
Egalitarianism holds that there are no relevant differences between individuals that can justify unequal treatment except; a. original position b. virtue c. veil of ignorance d. the equality of opportunity e. none of the above
c. Global
Broadly speaking there are three categories of business related Ethical issues, not including; a. Systemic b. Individual c. Global d. Corporate
b. Kantian
If I want to determine if my actions are moral and I ask myself: “What would happen if everyone did that?” And then I ask myself: “Would I like this done to me?” What approach to moral rights am I applying? a. utilitarianism b. Kantian c. justice and fairness d. benevolence a. vices …
d. Two of the above
Duties may be considered to be ________ of rights. a. the shadow price b. substitutes c. correlates d. two of the above e. all of the above
c. those who are near to us and/or dependent on us
An ethic of care emphasizes caring for the well-being of: a. those we work for b. those we have known for a long time c. those who are near to us and/or dependent on us d. those who are poor e. none of the above are related to the ethic of care
e. A, B & C
To evaluate the adequacy of moral reasoning, ethicists employ the following criteria: a. moral reasoning must be logical. b. factual evidence must be accurate, relevant, and complete. c. moral standards must be consistent. d. A & B e. A, B & C
False
True/False A corporation is not morally responsible for its actions, nor are the individual persons that make up the corporation.
False
True/False Most studies find a negative relationship between socially responsible behavior and a corporation’s profits.
False
True/False In class we viewed a video about WorldCom. According to that video Bernie Ebbers, the founding CEO of WorldCom, recognized that the lack of a strong corporate ethics program caused the fraud at WorldCom.
True
True/False Our guest speaker, Professor Stephen Black, suggested that most people think that they are smarter than they actually are.
True
True/False If you want to promote a strong ethics program within an organization, it is important to include an ethical training system in that program.
False
True/False Most of the moral decisions we make are conscious moral decisions.
True
True/False One of the basic impediments to moral behavior is not recognizing an ethical situation when one exists.
5 characteristics of moral standards
5 characteristics of ______ _______: 1. Deal with matters that can seriously injure or benefit humans. 2. Are not established or changed by authoritative figures 3. Take priority over all other standards 4. Are based on impartial conside…
Systemtic issues
_______ issues: ethical questions raised about economic, political, legal and other social systems
Corporate issues
_______ issues: ethical questions raised about a particular company
Individual issues
________ issues: ethical questions raised about a particular individual or group of individuals in the company
6 stages (3 levels with 2 stages in each level)
Lawrence Kohlberg identified ______ stages of moral development.
preconventional; punishment and obedience; instrument and relativity
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 1: _________ Stage 1: _______ Stage 2: ______
stage 1: punishment and obedience
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 1: preconventional Stage ____: ______ __ _____ -physical consequences of an act determine good/bad -act in ways to avoid punishment and pain -little awareness that others have needs and desires
stage 2: instrument and relativity
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 1: preconventional Stage ____: ______ __ _____ -actions are taken if they satisfy a need or the need of those for whom you care -awareness of needs of others -defers to others to get them to do what you want
Stage 3: interpersonal concordance
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 2: conventional -Stage __ : _______ ________ -actions are taken to live up to the expectations of important others -actions conform to the roles (son, friend) assigned -actions are motivated by a need to be seen by oneself and others as a good role per…
conventional; interpersonal concordance;law and order
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 2: _________ Stage 3: _______ Stage 4: ______
Stage 4: law and order
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 2: conventional Stage ____ : ____ ___ _____ -actions are motivated by loyalty to one’s society -laws are aibed by with few exceptions -sees others as part of a larger social system that defines roles and obligations -can separate societal …
postconventional; social contract; universal ethical principles
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 3: __________ Stage 5: _______ Stage 6: ______
stage 5: social contract
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 3: postconventional Stage ____ : ____ _____ -recognizes that people hold conflicting views and opinions -believes that all values and norms are relative and all should be tolerated -stresses fair ways of reaching consensus
stage 6: universal ethical principles
Lawrence Kohlberg's Level 3: postconventional Stage ____ : ____ _____ -actions are defined in terms of moral principles selected because of their universality and consistency -actions are based on full commitment to these moral principles -all decisions are evaluated using thes…
Instrumental goods
_______ goods are valued because they lead to other good things (going to college so you can get a job)
Positive rights
______ rights are duties others have to help you pursue your rights
Kant's
_____ first formulation: -an action is morally right for a person in a certain situation if, and only if the person’s reason for carrying out the action is a reason that he or she would be willing to have every person act on, in any similar situation. (do to others what you would want d…
Kant's
_____ second formulation: -treat others as free and equal in the pursuit of their interests. An action is morally right for a person, if and only if, in performing the action the person does not use others merely as a means for advancing his or her own interest, but also both respects a…
Rawl's
-______ principles: -1: principle of equal liberty -2a: difference principle -2b: fair equality of opportunity
orginal position; veil of ignorance
In Rawls theory of justice and fairness impartiality heavily relies on ______ ______ and a _____ __ _______.
egalitarianism
________: every person should be given exactly equal shares of the benefits and burdens

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