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GEO 102: EXAM 3
paleozoic
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545-252 MYA
"ancient life"
age of invertebrates
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Four Keys of Paleozoic
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1. long periods of sedimentation (open seas punctuated by mountain building
2. Evolution of continents
3. paleoclimate
4. life (cambrian explosion, invertebrates)
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Sea level changes during paleozoic
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many shallow areas in early paleozoic; increasing landmass in late paleozoic
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N. American landmass during paleozoic
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1. NA mostly covered by water
2. A series of regressions and transgressions created basins and seaways
3. location of equator differs from today
4. extensive appalachian mtn building
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Paleoclimate
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relatively warm in early paleozoic
relatively cool in late paleozoic
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the Burgess Shale Fauna
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1. unique animal fossils from Late Cambrian rocks (500 MYA)
2. many well preserved skeletons
3. world wide distribution of fossils
Including lg. size, complex body forms, and some predators
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Cambrian explosion
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1. most animals appeared in cambrian
2. sudden appearance in short time
3. large size and complex body forms
4. first definitive predators
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invertebrates |
animals excluding vertebrates
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evolutionary faunas
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fossil representatives changing through time
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"Cambrian Fauna"
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composed of trilobites, brachiopods, mollusks
diversity of 50 families
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"Paleozoic Fauna"
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typified by extinct groups, brachiopods, crinoids
diversified by over 300 families
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"Modern Fauna"
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mollusks, crustaceans, sharks, bony fishes
620 families
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trilobites (precambrian fauna)
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early precambrian to late precambrian
tri "three" body parts (cephalon, thorax, pygidium)
unique eyes, no hard/calcified tissues on ventral body
diversified in early Paleozoic, extinct by end of Paleozoic
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Brachiopods (paleozoic fauna)
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solitary betnhic suspension feeders, strictly marine
very common
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Echinoderms (paleozoic fauna)
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sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids
spiny skin and spikes
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Crinoids (paleozoic fauna)
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sea lily
animals, not plants
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Permian-Triassic Extinction
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biggest extinction event (96% of marine species disappeared)
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evolution of vertebrates
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ancestors of all living vertebrate groups (fishes and amniotes) appeared in the paleozoic
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4 characterizations of chordates
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1. notochord- long flexible rod of mesoderm found in all chordates
2. ectodermal tissues form spinal cord
3. muscle and skeletal elements provide propulsive forces
4. suspension feeding devices in inverts and gas exchange in aquatic verts
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1. notochord- long flexible rod of mesoderm found in all chordates
2. ectodermal tissues form spinal cord
3. muscle and skeletal elements provide propulsive forces
4. suspension feeding devices in inverts and gas exchange in aquatic verts
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a long flexible rod, found in all vertebrates; turns into back bone in many vertebra groups
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Ichtyostega
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one of the first tetrapods with definitive limbs and digits
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amniotes
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the lineage including reptiles, mammals, and birds
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devonian
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time of rapid evolution for land plants
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carboniferous
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the age of coral, ancient forrest of large trees
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carboniferous coal swamp
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major source of coal today, diversification of amphibians
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early paleozoic
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invertebrate diversity
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late paleozoic
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tetrapod diversity
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mesozoic
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"middle life", age of reptiles
252-66 MYA
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mesozoic
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derived from latin, "creta", a geologic period
translation for chalk
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jurassic
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named after rocks (limestone) in Germany
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triassic |
named after the three distinct rock layers found throughout Germany, red beds with sandstone, rock and shale
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summary of plate tectonics
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1. origin of atlantic basin and gulf of mexico
2. origin of rocky mtns
3. expanding atlantic ocean
4. separation of north american from Africa
5. africa and south america began to separate
6. india became isolated
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mesozoic period
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warm and dry
no ice caps
temp much higher
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Alabama rocks
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NE- paleozoic rocks (shale, dark limestone)
Upper coastal plain- upper cretaceous (chalky limestone)
Lower coastal plain- cenozoic (light limestone)
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Alabama rocks
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non avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs
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dinosaur |
a reptile, particularly archosaurs
specialized design for terrestrial environments
a key for great diversification during the mesozoic
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Archosaurs |
ruling lizard
including birds and crocodilians
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orinthischia |
bird hipped, duck billed horned, armored,
plated, helmeted, etc
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saurischia
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lizard hipped, plant eaters, theropods, neotheropoda
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Mosasaurs
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lizards & snakes
extinct group
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Plesiosaurs
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extinct group
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KT extinctions
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all species were victims
climate changes
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