17 Cards in this Set
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In what year was the first juvenile court established?
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1874 or 1899
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What Juvenile Rights were established in Kent v. U.S.?
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1st supreme court case to modify the long-standing belief that juveniles did not require the same due process as adults; charged with rape and robbery.
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What did the court rule on juvenile rights in In re Gault?
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Approved:
1) Notice of Charges
2) Right to Counsel
3) Confrontation of Accuser
4) Self-Incrimination
5) Cross-Examination of Witnesses
Denied:
1)Appelate Review
2) Transcript of Proceedings
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What juvenile rights were established in In re Winship?
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"proof beyond reasonable doubt"
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In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania juveniles were denied the right:
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to a jury trial
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What rights were established for juvenile offenders?
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The court established that juveniles had the same rights as adults in important areas of the trial process, including the right to confront witnesses, notice of charges, and the right to counsel.
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How do juvenile court procedures differ from adult/ criminal court?
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Juveniles do not have right to bail or a public trial; they were denied formal notice of the charges and the right to legal counsel.
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What reasons does EJI give for their opposition to placement of juvenile offenders in adult prisons?
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Children are endangered by abuse, neglect, domestic, and community violence and poverty.
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What accounts for the significant increases in female delinquents?
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Colored Girls between the ages of 15 and 16, living in urban environment with a single parent.
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What is a "moral panic"?
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Extreme social response to the belief that the moral condition of society is deteriorating at a rapid pace.
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Juvenile waivers to adult/criminal court: New Practice? 3 general categories/means of, Alabama Policies?
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~At least 14.
~Certain felonies (age 16).
~Capital Crimes (age 16).
~Certain Drug Offenses (age 16).
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What developments during the 19th century paved the way for a separate system of justice for juvenile?
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parens patriae;
loco parentis
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What is the doctrine of parens patriae?
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grants the inherent power and authority of the state to protect persons who are legally unable to act on their own behalf.
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What was problematic about the early juvenile reform schools?
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they had hard work, whippings, and strict regimentation. Juveniles weren't supposed to receive punishment, only correction.
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What dual goals did the child savers propose the juvenile justice system should accomplish?
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...
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of Victimization Surveys?
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Strengths: better estimates of the dark view of crime; data helps criminologists to understand better why the victim does not report the crime; data shows that victims are less likely to report the crime depending on statistics about the victim and the victim/offender relationship.
Wea…
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of the self-report surveys?
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Strengths: discover trivial events; shows the awareness of the dark figure of crime; provides clear evidence of the race, ethnicity, and gender bias in the official processing of suspects.
Weaknesses: data is not always reliable; exclude serious chronic criminals.
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CJ 240: TEST 1