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BSC 215: LAB ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
Skeletal System
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bones,joints, and cartilage
provides support and protection
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Endocrine System
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Pancreas, Thyroid, hypothalamus, pineal gland, adrenal gland, testes, ovaries, thymus, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland and pancreas
Regulates the body by releasing hormones into the blood
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Digestive System
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mouth, salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, rectum, and anus.
Physical and chemical breakdown of food and waste elimination
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Urinary Stystem
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Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Waste excretion, balances acid/base, and electrolytes, and regulates fluid in the body.
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Lymphatic System
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Lymph nodes, lymph vessel, pharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil, thymus, thoracic ducts, spleen.
Transports fats and proteins, to the cardiovascular system and filters blood and protects against disease.
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Respiratory System
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Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs, nasal and oral cavity.
Brings in O2 and eliminates CO2, and regulates acid/base balance
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Reproductive System
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women: mammary gland, vagina, uterus, uterine tube, ovary
men: ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate, penis, testes, and epididymus.
Responsible for reproduction
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Cardiovascular System
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Blood vessels:
hears, arteries, veins
Brings blood and nutrients to places throughout body, regulates temperature and water balance.
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Nervous System
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Brain, nerves, and spinal cord
Senses and responds to body conditions through nerve impulses
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Muscular System
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Skeletal muscles, and tendons
Produces heat needed by body, and works with skeletal system to move and maintain posture
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Integumentary System
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Skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, and finger and toe nails.
Protection, regulates temperature, and eliminates waste.
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Organs in the Right Hypochondriac Region
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Liver |
Organs in the Epigastric Region
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Liver, Stomach, transverse colon
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Organs in the Left Hypochondriac Region
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Stomach, spleen, and transverse colon
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Organs in the Right Lumbar
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Ascending colon, little bit of the small intestine.
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Organs in the Umbilical Region
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Small intestine
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Organs in the Left Lumbar Region
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Small intestine, mostly descending colcon
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Organs in the Right Inguinal Region
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Ascending colon
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Organs in the Hypogastric Region
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Small intestine, urinary bladder, and descending colon
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Organs in the Left Inguinal Region
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Descending colon
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Frontal Plane
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Anterior and Posterior regions
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Transverse Plane
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Superior and Inferior regions
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Midsagital Plane
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Equal Left and Right regions
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3 main cavities
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Dorsal, Ventral and Abdonmopelvic
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What cavities are in the Dorsal Cavities and what do they contain?
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Cranial Cavity--brain and sense organs (eyes and hearing organs)
Vertebral Cavity--spinal cord
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What cavities are in the Ventral cavity?
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Thoracic and Abdomnopelvic
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The protective tissue that surrounds the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal
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meninges |
What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?
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Pleural Cavity--each surrounds a lung: the serous membrane is the pleura
Pericardial Cavity--Surrounds the heart; the serous membrane is the pericardium.
Mediastinum--Located between the pleural cavities. Sternum to vertebral column- first rib to diaphragm. holds the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and some large blood vessels.
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What cavities does the Abdomnopelvic Cavity contain, and what do they contain?
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Abdominal Cavity--Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small and most of large intestine; serous membrane is the peritoneum
Pelvic Cavity--Urinary bladder, some of the large intestine and the reproductive organs.
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What forms the cranial cavity?
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the cranial bones
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what forms the vertebral canal?
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the bones of the vertebral column
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what forms the thoracic cavity and what does it do?
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sternum, ribs, and the thoracic region of the vertebral column.
It stabilizes the internal and external muscles of the chest?
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Abdominal cavity contains:
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stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines.
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Pelvic Cavity contains:
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reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the urinary bladder.
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whats the difference between visceral and parietal layers?
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visceral layers cover organs, and parietal layers line the cavity walls
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What are the 3 membranes and what do they do?
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pleural--there are two per lung. the visceral pleura lines covers the lungs, and the parietal pleura covers the walls of the parietal cavity
pericardium-- the visceral pericardium covers the heart, and the parietal pericardium lines the walls of the pericardial cavity.
peritoneal--visceral peritoneum covers the organs of the abdomen, and the parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominal cavity.
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oral cavity contains:
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tongue and teeth
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orbital cavity contains
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eyeballs, and nerve and blood vessels
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middle ear cavity contains:
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small bones of the middle ear
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what are synovial cavities:
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found in freely moveable joints like the large joints of the shoulder and hip.
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what are the 4 quadrants of the abdomnopelvic region?
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right, and left upper,
right and left lower.
(RUQ, LUQ, RLQ and LLQ)
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what does the ruq contain?
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liver
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what does the LUQ contain?
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spleen and left kidney
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what does the RLQ contain?
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appendix
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what does the LLQ contain?
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left ovary
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what are the 9of the abdomnopelvic regions?
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Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal, hypogastric, and left inguinal.
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what are some benefits of using medical imaging?
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allows for visualizations of the internal structures of the body.
Diagnosis of disorders
x-rays have been used since the 1940's
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what is Radiography?
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uses an x-ray to produce images of interior structure. inexpensive and quick.
the rays pass easily through soft, non dense material (appear black), and do not pass through dense material, so bones appear white.
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what is an MRI
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Protons in body fluid alight with magnetic field.
Allows study of normal v abnormal body tissues (tumors, brain abnormalities, and blood flow)
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what is a CT-Scan?
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Computed Tomography--many x-rays are taken to show part or whole body in varying degrees of grey scale.
used to study soft tissue in more detail.
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what is sonography?
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ultrasound scanning -- send out high sound waves to produce an image.
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Non invasive diagnostic techniques
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Palpation is gently touching body surfaces with hands.
Auscultation is listening to body sounds (stethoscope).
Percussion is tapping on the body surface with fingertips and listening to echoes.
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