110 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Talk Card
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the package of messages that is communicated in playing a specific role
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Talk Game
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the goal the messages are designed to accomplish
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Card Deck
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set of cards we have available to play a card game at any given moment
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Primary Goals
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focuses on the response he or she wants to achieve from the target of the message
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Secondary Goals
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focuses on defining the relationship between the communicators
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Three Card Style Elements
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liking, formality, power
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Liking
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We include words, gestures, eye movements and other facial expressions to show how much we like or dislike someone
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Formality
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Creates distance between parties, shows less involvement in the relationship
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Power
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establish dominance, include information about speaker's status
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Reciprocal Card Play
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when someone plays a card, they are asking the other person to play a card that matches or compliments the card the person is playing
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Talk Game Goals
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identity, relational, achievement
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Identity
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how we define ourselves (self-presentation goal)
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Relational
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pulling the other closer or push them farther away
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Achievement
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task we want our messages to accomplish
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Winning
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successfully accomplishing her achievement, relational, and presentation goals
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Synchrony
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both parties show the same or compatible cards over several exchanges and both parties believe they are playing the same game
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Dissynchrony
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not playing they same game
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Source
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the person who wants to accomplish a certain goal
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Receiver
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the person the source wants to impact
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Messages
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involved in every communication event; verbal, written, nonverbal
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Channels
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method used to communicate; face to face, electronically or snail mail
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Broad Channels
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carry a lot of information; involves most of your five senses
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Narrow Channels
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carry much less information; only involves one sense
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Signal to Noise Ratio
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message sent to accomplish over the amount of distractions; goal is to have strong signal and minimal noise
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Noise
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Anything that distracts from or competes with the intended message
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Characteristic of Language
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symbolic, contextual, abstract, arbitrary, conventional
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Symbolic
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a system of symbols we string together to create a picture in another person's mind
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Contextual
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every message is delivered and received at a particular point in time, through a specific medium
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Abstract
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refers to things we can't see or point to
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Arbitrary
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symbols that we conventionally assign to objects, people, or ideas are given to us by tradition without any objective rule for it's assignment
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Conventional
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a pattern of behavior that we implicitly agree to follow
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Talking Elements
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phonetics, semantics, morpheme, syntax, pragmatics
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Phonetics
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the sounds we produce while speaking
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Semantics
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the meaning of a specific sound or word
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Morpheme
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units of meaning that can either rand alone or are attached to words to clarify their meaning
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Syntax
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the process of chunking language into meaningful clumps
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Pragmatics
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the work we want the messages to preform
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Constitutive Rule
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card talk rules about what messages mean, interpret
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Regulative Rule
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which card talk topics and styles are acceptable, play cards
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Women
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talk about feelings, personal issues, and daily life, build more comprehensive relationships, wider range of expressing liking, touch, listen, show expression, low power
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Men
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don't want to seem weak and incapable, use communication as a problem solving tool, more formal, don't give much feedback, noisy feedback, high power
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Culture
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a system of knowledge that is shared among a group of people who have common characteristics, appear unique to outsiders, forge a common destiny among members and stretches across several generations
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Five Value Cluster
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use to form deep-seated social identities that bund them together and drive behavior. context, individualism and collectivism, power distance, masculinity and femininity, future oriented
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High Context
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densely layered support network of individuals that emphasizes unity and conformity; ME
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Low Context
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individuals needs are seen as separate from the group, and if forced to choose, the individuals needs come first; I
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Individualism
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belong to many groups, value themselves as an individual, separate themselves from group
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Collectivism
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belong to many groups, value themselves as an individual, separate themselves from group
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Power-Distance
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focuses on the issue of status or inequality
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High Power Distance
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value status and social rank
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Low Power-Distance
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value status and social rank
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Masculinity
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values competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition and the accumulation of wealth and material possessions
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Femininity
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value realtionshops, quality of life, and more fluid gender roles; not stuck in the idea of man's work or woman's work; more flexible ideas about appropriate behaviors for men and women
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Long-Term Oriented
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patient, focusing on actions, beliefs, and values that impact the future (persistence, perseverance, thrift, and saving
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Short-Term Oriented
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focused on past and present, value immediate stability, protection one's own face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of greeting, favors and gifts
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Gender
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one's orientation about the roles men and women play in society
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Sex
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biological trait
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Cultural Adaption
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anticipation, honeymoon, frustration, readjustment
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Anticipation
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gathering as much information as possible to learn about the new culture
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Honeymoon
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positive attitude and sense of excitement for entering the new culture
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Frustration
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annoyances outweigh positives in the new culture
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Readjustment
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adaption of the new culture; fully participate, make accommodations, fight, leave
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Social Identity
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the individual's knowledge that he belongs to certain social groups together with some emotional and value significance to him of this group membership; personal and group identity
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Personal Identity
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what i think of myself personally that is separate from everyone else in my group
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Group Identity
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what I believe I share in common with all the other members of my group
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Self-Concept
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psychological understanding of what I believe to be true about myself separately from the group and uncommon with my group
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Inclusion
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desire to be accepted and respected within a group
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Control
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desire to impact the environment to get others to pay attention to us so we can get our message across
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Affection
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desire to receive intimacy and civility from others
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Interpersonal Needs
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inclusion, control, affection
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Self-Esteem
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positive or negative evaluation of one's self
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Real Self
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where I am
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Ideal Self
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where I would like to be
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Positive Face
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focuses on our self-presentation goals when we play our cards; desire to be viewed in positive, attractive and competent light by others
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Negative Face
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desire not to be controlled or pushed around in any way, desire to maintain autonomy or freedom of choice
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High Self-Monitors
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base their judgements of appropriateness on external factor; constantly scan the environment to determine what people think about them
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Low Self-Monitors
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I-oreiented; concerned with how they see themselves; pay less attention to social settings
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Stage Theory of Escalation and De-Escalation
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how relationships progress through stages; contact, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnation, avoiding, termination
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Contact
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develop an understanding about his or her cultural, social and personal characteristics
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Experimenting
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seeking potential similarities, searching on multiple levels for more information about the other person, deciding if they like them
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Intensifying
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playing the love talk game
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Integrating
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sharing some kind of physical symbol of unification, social circles may merge and couple may refer to thinks as belonging to the both of them
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Bonding
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public rituals
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Differentiating
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find solutions to issues that must be sorted out of them to continue to grow
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Circumscribing
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communication focuses on superficial topics that avoid intimate discussions; address logistics or other non-involving issues, typically brief
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Stagnating
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motions of the relationship by doing routine activities, not trying to confront or communicate meaningfully; intimacy gone
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Avoiding
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seek to be away from each other, separate physically
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Terminating
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ending the relationship
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Persuasion Theories
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social influence strategies, theory of reasoned action, elaboration likelihood theory, social norming theory
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Social Influence Strategies
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how people influence one another; reciprocity, consistency, social proof, liking, authority, scarcity
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Reciprocity
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the expectation that people repay in kind when they receive a gift or favor
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Consistency
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people align their behavior with their stated commitments, particularly when they are public and voluntary
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Social Proof
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people want to be part of the crowd and conform to peer pressure. Testimonials from well liked people often activate conformity
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Liking
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people like those who like them; increases when people uncover real, genuine similarities between one another
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Authority
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defer to experts, exposing expertise that an audience respects builds its perception of the speaker as a subject
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Scarcity
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people want more of war they can have less of
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Theory of Reasoned Action
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persuasion is a result of careful, reasoned reflection about the speaker's key points
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Elaboration Likelihood Theory
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amount of persuasion depends on how well the audience listens to the key arguments, must find speakers information rewarding; listeners elaborate
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Central Elaboration
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weigh the issue carefully and extensively
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Peripheral Elaboration
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they use a simple decision rule to judge the meaning of the message
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Social Norming Theory
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they use a simple decision rule to judge the meaning of the message
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One-Sided Messages
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present only those arguments that favor the persuaders recommendation
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Two-Sided Messages
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present only those arguments that favor the persuaders recommendation
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Two-Sided Messages
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trying to defeat the other person as a way to save face or look tough
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Constructive Conflict
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focuses on resolving, and transforming relationship
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Constructive Conflict
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how conflict evolves; pre-confrontation. confrontation, reaction, resolution, post-resolution
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Pre-Confrontation
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the time between discovering an event and initially confronting the other person about it
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Confrontation
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initial statement by a person that something is wrong, or there's an issue to discuss
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Reaction
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explanation is provided for the negative behavior; may be defensive
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Resolution
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brings conflict to a close; may end on promising to never repeat action or may end in deciding to never talk about it again
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Post-Resolution
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carry with them memories of what was said that they replay later
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COM 100: MIDTERM