ANS 110: REPRODUCTION
65 Cards in this Set
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Anestrous
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Period of time when the female is not in estrous; can be the non-breeding season.
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Artificial Insemination (AI)
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Placement of semen into the female reproductive tract by means other than natural service.
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Barrow
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Male swine castrated before reaching puberty.
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Boar
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Male swine which has reached sexual maturity.
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Bovine
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Term used to refer to cattle.
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Breeding
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The process of introducing semen into the female reproductive tract; can be by natural or artificial means.
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Bull
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Male bovine that has reached sexual maturity.
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Bull Calf
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Young bull generally less than 20 months of age.
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Calf
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Young bovine (male or female) under one year of age.
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Calving
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The process of giving birth to a calf - parturition.
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Castrate
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Removal of the testicles.
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Colt
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A young male horse or donkey.
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Conception
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The point at which sperm penetrates the egg; when pregnancy begins.
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Cow
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A female bovine that has reached sexual maturity, generally used for females that have given birth to a calf.
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Dry
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Refers to a female animal that is not lactating.
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Equine
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Term used to refer to horses.
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Estrous
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The ovulation cycle of female mammals.
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Estrus
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The period during the estrous cycle when the female is receptive to breeding; also termed "heat".
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Ewe
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A female sheep that has reached sexual maturity.
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Ewe Lamb
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A female sheep that has not reached sexual maturity.
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Farrowing
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The process of giving birth to a litter of pigs - parturition.
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Filly
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The young female horse.
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Foal
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A newborn male or female horse.
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Foaling
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The process of giving birth to a foal - parturition.
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Freshen
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the act of giving birth and beginning lactation; usually used in conjunction with dairy cattle.
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Gelding
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A male horse that has been castrated.
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Gestation
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The time period from conception until given birth.
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Gilt
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Female swine that not yet given birth.
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Heifer
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A young female bovine that has not yet given birth.
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Lactation
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The period of secretion and production of milk.
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Lamb
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Young male or female sheep.
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Lambing
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The process of giving birth to a lamb - parturition.
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Mare
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Female horse that has reached sexual maturity; usually refers to a female that has given birth.
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Open
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Refers to a non-pregnant female after she reaches puberty.
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Ovine
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Term used to refer to sheep.
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Parturition
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The process of giving birth.
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Pregnancy
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The carrying of one or more offspring in the uterus.
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Puberty
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The stage when male or female reproductive organs become fully functional.
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Ram (Buck)
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A sexually mature male sheep or goat.
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Service
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To breed or mate; usually by natural means.
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Settle
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To become pregnant.
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Stallion (Stud)
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A sexually mature male horse.
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Steer
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A male bovine that has been castrated before reaching sexual maturity.
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Wether
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A male sheep that has been castrated before reaching sexual maturity.
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Sow
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Female swine which has reached sexual maturity; usually refers to a female that has given birth.
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Cattle Duration of Copulation
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1 - 3 seconds
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Cattle Volume per Ejaculate
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3 - 8 mL
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Cattle Sperm Concentration
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800 - 2,000 mil per mL
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Cattle Site of Semen Deposit
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Vagina
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Sheep Duration of Copulation
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1 - 2 seconds
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Sheep Volume per Ejaculate
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0.8 - 2.0 mL
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Sheep Sperm Concentration
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2,000 - 3, 000 mil per mL
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Sheep Site of Semen Deposit
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Vagina/Cervix
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Swine Duration of Copulation
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5 - 20 minutes
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Swine Volume per Ejaculate
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150 - 350 mL
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Swine Sperm Concentration
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200 - 300 mil per mL
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Swine Site of Semen Deposit
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Cervix/Uterus
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Horses Duration of Copulation
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20 - 60 seconds
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Horses Volume per Ejaculate
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60 - 100 mL
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Horses Sperm Concentration
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150 - 300 mil per mL
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Horses Site of Semen Deposit
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Cervix/Uterus
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Gestation Periods
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Cow: 285 days
Ewe: 147 days
Sow: 114 days (3 mo, 3 wk, 3 days)
Mare: 336 days (Range varies greatly)
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Factors Affecting Gestation Period
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Species
Breed (Sire)
Gender
Number of Offspring
Season
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Typical Number of Offspring
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Cow: 1 calf
Ewe: 1 - 3 lambs
Sow: 6 - 14 piglets
Mare: 1 foal
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Dystocia
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Difficulty in expelling the fetus.
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Goats (exam 2)