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PSY 320: EXAM 2
buffer by
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Research shows that stress is _____ social support.
a. buffered by b. increased by c. unrelated to d. caused mostly by
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e. easy going
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Which of the following adjectives best describes the Type B personality?
a. hard driving b. hurried c. angry d. competitive b. easy going
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tension |
Mary has a steady, aching, non-throbbing headache on both sides of her head toward the back of her head. This most likely is a _____ headache.
a. classic migraine b. aura migraine c. tension d. obsession
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adj disorder
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Billy was admitted to several graduated schools but wanted to get into harvard. he became depressed and anxious over the monthes since he did not get in. what is this reaction
A. adj disorder B. social phobia C. PDS D. general adaption disorder
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OCD
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ted stresses that he does not lock the doors,closes the windows turn off the stove. Generally he is anxious so he must go back home to check. he has problem with rechecking he is late at work. what is this?
a) generalized anxiety disorder b) panic c) OCD d) conversion e)simple phobia
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true |
Panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders are sometimes treated successfully with antidepressant medication.
a. true b. false
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humanistic existential
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According to which theoretical perspective is anxiety caused by suppression of and alienation from our genuine selves (best answer)?
a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral
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enter increasingly stressful social situations and remain there until their urge to escape has lessened
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in exposure therapy for social phobias clients are instructed to do what:
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in exposure therapy for social phobias clients are instructed to do what:
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severity of the trauma and degree of exposure to the trauma
b. availability of social support
c. differences in the person’s neurobiological responsiveness to traumatic experiences
d. all of the above
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involves no memory disturbance
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Depersonalization disorder differs from other dissociative disorders in that it
a)involves no memory disturbance b)has long lasting sym c) produce little distress for the person d) almost alway trigger a panic attack
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quite suddenly
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A dissociative fugue state usually ends:
a)quite suddenlys c)only after months of psychotherapy
b)gradually overthe course of a yr b) only after month on medication
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all of the above
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Somatization disorder tends to:
a)found more freq in women c) be a life long disorder
b)begin typically in adolescent or young adults d) all of the above
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adj disorder
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a maladaptive reaction identified stressor that develops witin a few months of the onset of the stressor
one or more identifiable stresor
ex- having trouble concentrating on your schoolwork following the breakup of a romantic relationship and your grades are slipping
can seek therapy and antianxiety med to cop
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endocrine system
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the system of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstrme
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hormones
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substance secreted by endocrine glands that regulate body functions and promote growth and dev
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immune system
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the body's system of defense against disease
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general adaptation syndrome
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descrime a common biological response to pattern to prolonnged or excessive stress
consists of three stages-alarm reaction, the resistance stage and the exhaustion stage
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alarm reaction
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the first stage of general adaption syndrome charcterized by heightened sympathetic activity
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fight-or flight reaction
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the inborn tendency to respond to a threat by either fighting or fleeing
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resistance stage
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the second stage of the GAS involveing the body's attempt to withstand prolonged stress and preserve resources
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exhaustion stage
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the third sage of the GAS characteristic by lowered resistance, increased parasympathetic activity and eventual physical deterioration
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acculturative stress
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pressure to adjust to a host or mainstream culture
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emotion focused coping
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a coping style that attempts to minimize emotional responsiveness rather than deal w the stressor directly
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problem focused coping
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a coping style that attempts to confront the stressor directly
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psychological hardiness
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a cluster of stres-buffering traits charcterized by commitment, chalenge and control
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positive psych
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a growing contempary movenment within psychology that focuses on the positive attributes of human behavior
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acute stress disorder
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a traumatic stress reaction occuring during the month following exposure to a traumatic event
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post traumatic stress disorder
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a prolonged maladaptive reaction to a traumatic evenr
may persist for months, years or even decades
direct or inderect exp to physical damange or thretened
person reacts w extreme fear, horror, or helplessness to event
trauma is re-exp
needs to talk about exp instead of avoid it
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avoidance behavior
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ppl may avoid cues or sistuations associated w trauma. ex rape survior will avoid traveling to the part of town where she was attacked
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reexperience the trauma
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ppl may avoid cues or sistuations associated w trauma. ex rape survior will avoid traveling to the part of town where she was attacked
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impaired functioning
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PTSD is often associacted w psychological prob such as depression, anxiety or alcohol or substance abuse that can make it diffcult fo the person tofunction effectively in meeting daily responsibilties
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heightened arousal
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PTDSD patients may be unusally tense or feel on edge or keyed up much of the time. they may be become hypervigilant and mya complain of disturbe sleep, irritability and angry outburst and difficulty concentrating.
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emotional numbing
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ppl with ptsd may feel numb inside and lose the ability to enjoy activies they formaly took pleasure in
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eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
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a controversial form of therapy for PTSD that involves eye tracking a visual target while holding images of the traumatic exp in mind
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separation anxiety disorder
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a childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separtion from parent or other caretakers
may voice concern about death and dying and insist that someone stay with them
other features include nightmares, stomaches, nausea and vomiting
4-5% affect adolescents most often in girls
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dissociateve disorders
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a disorder charcterized by disruption or dissocitaion of identity, memory or consciousness
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dissociative identity disorder
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two or more personalities with well defined traits and memories occupying one personi
in most cases the host is unaware of the existence of the other identities
women tend to have more alternate identies than men averaging 15 or more than men who average 8 alter idneties
women consistute the majority cases of multiple personalites
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dissociative amnesia
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a dissociative disorder in which a person experience memory loss without any identifiable organic cuase
unable to recall importnat personal info,usually involving traumatic or stressful exp that cannot be attributed to drugs or a medical condition
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localized amnesia
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events occuring during a specific time period are lost to memory. for example the person cannot recall events for a number of hours or days after a stressful or tramatic incident such as a battle or car acident
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selective ammnesi
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ppl forget only the disturbing particulars that take place during a certain period of time. a person may recall the period of life during which he conducted an extramartial affair, but not the guilty arousing affair itself. a soilder may recall most of the battle, but not the death of his buddy
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generalized amnesia
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ppl forget their entire lives who they are what they do, where they live whom they live wit. this form of amnesia is very rare. persons with this amnesia cannont recall personal info but they tend to retain their habits tastes and skills. ex- be able to read, but not be able to recall going to elem school
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coninuous amnesia
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in this form of amnesia the person forgets everything that occurred from a particular point in time up to and including the present.
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systematized amnesia
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the memory loss is specific to a particular category of info such as memory about one family or particular ppl in one life
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dissociative fugue
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a dissociative disorfer in which one suddenly flees from one's life situation travels to a new location, assumes a new indentity and and has amnesia for personal material
very rare
all of sudden their amensia ware off and they get their old memories back |
depersonalization
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a temporary loss or change in the usual sense of own reality and surroundings. they may feel as if they are dreaming or acting like a robot
only diagnosied when it is recurrent and persistet epidodes
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derealization
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a sense of unreality about the external world involving odd changes in the perceptions of one's surrounding or in the passage of time. may also be present
ppl and obj may seem to change in size or shape and sounds may seem different
all these feeling can be associated w feelings of anxiety including dizziness andfears of going insane ore depression
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somatoform disorders
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ppl have physical symptoms wo an identifiable physical cause
the symp significantly interfers w the person's life and often leads the person to doctor shopping to find what is going on
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malingering |
faking illness in order to avoid work or duty
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facitious disorder
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a disorder characterized by intentional fabrication of psychological or physical sympton for no apparent reason
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munchausen syndrom
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a type of factious disorder characterized by the fabrication of medical disorder
patients tell tall tales or outrageous lies to doc
people who suffer this syndrom usually suffer deep anguish as they bounce from hospital to hospital and subj themselves to unneccessary, painful and sometimes risky medical treatments
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conversion disorder
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a somatofrom disorder characterized by loss or impairment of physical function in the absence of any apparent organic cause
the physical symp usually come on suddelyi n stressful situations
rabout 1% of pop
more women than men
this disorder has been linked to childhood traumatization
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hypochondriasis |
a preoccupation or fearr that one's physical symptoms are due to underlying illness such as cancer or heart disease
about 1 to 5% of the general pop have this equally common in both men and wommen and begins btw ages of 20 and 30
these ppl do not fake their sym-they generally exp physical discomfort often involving the digestive symp or an assortment of aches and pains
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body dysmorphic disorder
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are preoccupied w an imagined or exaggerated physical defect in their appearnce
they may spend hours examining themselves in the mirror and go to extreme measures to correcte the perceived defect even undergoing invasive or unpleasant medical prodces such as plastic surgery
this disorder is belived to common but we do not know homw many ppl are affect due to the secreacy
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pain disorder
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is associated with psychological factors such as stressful life events
the pain is severe enough and persistent enought to interfer w the person's daily function such as making it diffcult to go to school
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somatization disorder
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characterzed by multiple and recurrent somatic complaints that begin prior to the age of 30
patients complaints cannot be explained by physical causes or exceed what would be expected from a known physical prob
are pestered by the symptoms themselves
reported rates vary from ,2% to 2 in women to less than .2% in men
the disorder is also four times more likely to occur in AA
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koro syndrom
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culture bound synrdome found primarily in china and some other far eastern countries
ppl withe this syndrome fear that their genitals are shrinking and retracting into their body which they believe will result in death
this syndrome is moslty in men but their were some cases in women
tends to be short lived and to invole espodes of acute anxiet that one's genitals are retracting
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dhat syndrom
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found among young asian indian males involves excessive fears over the loss of seminal fluid during nocturnal emissions. some men with this syndrome also believe that smen mixes with urin and is excreted through urination.
there is awidespread belief within indian culture that the losso f semen is harmful because it depletes the body of physical and mental energy
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what is the most common of headaches
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tension headaches
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tension headaches
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stress can lead to persistent contractions of the muscles of the scalp, face neck and shoulders giving rise chronic headaches. such heahces dev gradually and are generally and are characterized by dull steady pain on both sides of the head and feeling of pressure or tightness
75-80% who suffer are women
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aura |
suffers may experience this
or clusters of warning sensations that preceds the attack
are typified by perceptual distortions such as flashing lights bizarre images or blind lights
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biofeedback training
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helps ppl gain control various bodily functions such as muscle tension and brainwaves by giving them info(feedback) about these function in the fom of auitoy signals or visual displays
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cardiovascular disease
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leading death of both men and women claiming more lives than breast cancer
a disease or disorder of the cardiovascular system such as coronary heart disease or hypertension
in order to reduce the risk of this disease, changes can be mae by stop smoking, overeatting, heavy drinking, consummin high fat diet and leading a seentary lifestyle
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type a behavior pattern(TABP)
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a style of beahvior that characterizes ppl who are hard driving, ambitious, impatient and highly competitive. linked the trait of hostility compent to increased risks of heart diseases and other negative health outcomes
ppl who are higher in hostility tend to have more cardiovascular risk factors such as obsity and smoking than do less hostile ppl
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astma |
14 million adults and 5 million children suffer
attacks can last from just a few mins to several hrs
series of attacks can harm the bronchial system causing mucus to collect mucus and muscles to lose their elasticity
astma also has psychological consq
some suffers avoid strenous activities including excerciese for fear of increasing increasing thier oxygen and tripping their attacks
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cancer |
men have one in two chances of developing in their lives women haves the odds are one in three
involvines the dev of aberrant or mutant cells that form growht(tumors) that spread to healthy tissue
ppl can get this by gentics, exposure to chemical and even to some viruses
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treatment for cancer
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psychological intervention that focues on helping cancer patients cope with their disease such as group support programs can improve their psycholgocial adj and well being
it has been seen that it help increases their length of survival suffering from cancer
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what is the majority cause of how ppl contracted HIV
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hetersexual intercourse in the US 35%
it is not contracted by donating blood, by airbonred germs, casual contact such as using public toilets, hoding or hugging infected person, sharing eating utensils w them or living or going to school w them
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is their a cure for HIV
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their is no cure for this disaese
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daily hassles
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day to day drainers, warries drustartions dissapointements
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day to day drainers, warries drustartions dissapointements
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large stress expereince nearly everyone, usually dont involve treatment
loss such as divorce loss of loved one, loss of job,
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highly unuusual stressors-stress
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not experience by everyone, unusally evove direct or inirect threat of loss of life of physical damange, such as war, accident, sexual or physical assault natural disaters
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stages of stress reactions to highly unusual physicall thretening stressors
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shock. suggestible, recovery
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shock |
peroson looks daze, unaware of their injuries,
first stage of "stages of reactes to highly unusualy physical stressor"
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suggestible
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a person who comes around after a while
try to take c are of other ppl
cant think for themselves but if someone tells them to do something they do it
second stage of "stages of reactes to highly unusualy physical stressor"
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recovery |
few hrs to a few days after trauma
third stage to "stages of reactes to highly unusualy physical stressor"
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anxiety disorders
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post traumatic stress panic disorder w and wo agoraphobia
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phobias
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simple/specific social and agorabobia
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panic disorder wo agorpbia
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either at least 4 attacks in or fewer but intense fear of having an attack
can have 4 in aday
fear of dying
fear of going crazy
can have a fear ppf getting them
sshortness of breath dizzness, unsteadiness
more women than men 2:1
onset late adolescent to 30
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panic disorder w agorbia
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marked fear of being places alone wo help from escape
panic such outisde home alone will not leave home wo certain ppl,
3:1 women-more women than men have this
begins late adolescent or early childhood
treatment-deal with agorbia
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phobias
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stron fear and avoidance of specfic situations
persistant
irritional or excessive
high arousal when confronted
avoid or escape at all possible
interfers w life
estimate w phobias 10%
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specific phobias
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fear and avoidance of specific non evaluation obj situations or activitions
ex-driving elevation
3:1 more women than men
often common with other anxiety disorder
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social phobias
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fear and avoifance to situations where ppl might be evaluated criticized rejected or embarrassed
such as test, public speaking, performing in front of others, interviewin approaching authority figures
3-13-% more women in men
strong family link
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treatment of phobias
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anti-anxiet and anti-depressant med
relaxation intervention
cognitive therapy
skill building
exposure
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obession
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persistent desiring thoughts image, impulse or urge express as unwanted but irresistible
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mental or behavioral act resulting from an obession which is desired to prevent or induce anxiety guilt or anger inherent in obsession
tends to be rigid, repetitive stereotypical sets
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mental or behavioral act resulting from an obession which is desired to prevent or induce anxiety guilt or anger inherent in obsession
tends to be rigid, repetitive stereotypical sets
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2 percent and 25
yes genetic link
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how many people is affect with OCD and what age does it generally start and does it have a link
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treatment of ocd
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anti depressant medication
exposure and response prevention
cognitive thereapy -focuses on copulsion
assertion and emotional expression skills
intensive psyotherapy
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generalize anxiety disorder
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chronic unrealistic or excessive worry and anxiety worriers o r nervous
woryy for 6 or more things
restless, easily fatigued,diffculty concentrating, muscle tenstion,interfers w personal life
twice as much women than men 3-5% of pop
onset 20
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treatment of generalize anxiety disorder
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treatment of generalize anxiety disorder
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classic migraine
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intense throbbing pain genrally in temporal region oftenw nausea, vomitting diarrhea, dizziness a or fainteness
preceeded by an aura increased sensitivity to light and sound some perceptual distertin usualy 15-20 mins
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common migraine
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similar to classic but w/o aura. appear related to stress so sometimes called weeked or monday heaches
more common in women
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cluster
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migraines that occur in more men than women
no aura see more sweating running nose less gastraous and more cardiovasocular
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two factor model
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a theorectical model that accounts for the dev of phobic reactions on the basis of classical and operant condioning
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systematic desensitization
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a behavior therapy technique for overcoming phobias by means of exposure for progressively more fearful stimuli(in imagination or by viewing slides) while remaining deeply relaxed
ex- viewing pictures of a injection
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fear stimulus hierarchy
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an ordered series of increasingly fearful stimuli
ex- gradually imagining themselves to recieve an injection or remain in a enclosed room or elevator without undue anxiety
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virtual reality therapy
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a form of exposure therapy involving the presentation of phobic stimuli in a virtual reality env
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self efficacy expectancies
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beliefs in one's ability to accomplish paricular tasks
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AA
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who stand a greater risk in sufffering chronic health probs such as obesity, hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes and certain types of cancer
whites, AA, asians or hispanics
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AA and euro americans
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who has the greatest risk of coronary heart disease?
AA and european americans, Asian americans and hispanics, native americans and Hispanics or African americans and hispanics
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