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PSY 320: EXAM 3
Gender Identity Disorder AKA...? (3) |
Also known as gender dysphoria
Dysphoria (discontentment) with the sex they were assigned at birth and/or the gender roles associated with that sex.
Cross-dressing
1st Pregnant Man: Thomas Beattie
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Transsexualism |
Identifies with a gender inconsistent or not culturally associated with their assigned sex
Most become homosexual
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Only place in the US where you can choose your gender |
Oregon |
Psychodynamic Perspective of Gender ID Disorder |
Over-mothered
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Biological Perspective |
Biological Perspective |
Sociocultural Perspective: Heterosexism |
Apathy/neutral feelings toward homosexuals
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Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder |
Absence of sexual interest
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Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Prevalence? |
Absence of sexual interest and arousal
Prevalence: 10-40%
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Absence of sexual interest and arousal
Prevalence: 10-40%
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Delays/inability to orgasm.
Infrequent orgasm
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Orgasm Disorder: Delayed Ejaculation |
Delays, infrequent, reduced intensity, absent
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Orgasm Disorder: Premature Ejaculation Prevalence? |
<1 minute
30% Prevalence
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Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Prevalence? |
Pain in sexual organs during vaginal intercourse or penetration.
1-6%
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% of Women and Men w/ Sex.l Dysfunction in their life |
Women: 43%
Men: 31%
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Criteria for a Sexual Disorder (2) |
Persistent: 6+ months
Present in at least 75% of sexual encounters
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Brain activate more when faking or actually orgasming? |
When faking
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% of people with sexual regrets |
72%
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Paraphelia |
Sexual desire/arousal by abnormal things
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When do fetishes become a disorder? |
Time (fill tub with milk)
Anxiety about being different
Can't be satisfied unless have food/fetish item - hurts partner
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When do fetishes become a disorder? |
Sexual desire, urge, fantasy, arousal focused on a non-living/highly specific object
NOT animals
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Fetishitistic Disorder: Partialism |
Sexual desire focused on a specific body part 9foot fetish
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Voyeuristic Disorder (3) |
"Peeping Tom"
non-consent and unknowing that being watched
Accelerates into stalking/exhibition
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Frotteuristic Disorder (2) |
Rub against non-consent victim
Usually know its a problem: may get help
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Pedophilic Disorder |
Recurrent, intense fantasy, urges etc w/ prepubescent children (<13 years)
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Pedophile must be... (age) |
At least 16 years old or at least 5 years older than child
NOT a teenager in relationship with a 13-15 year old
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Sexual Masochism |
pleasure from getting hurt/humiliated
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Sexual Sadism (2) |
pleasure from hurting/humiliating someone else
Don't care if you want to be hurt or not
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Is incest a paraphelia? |
No
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Treatment for these: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy goal |
to get people to want to change (group therapy)
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Treatment: Aversion Therapy |
to get people to want to change (group therapy)
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Paranoid Personality Disorder (3) |
Suspiciousness (someone's always got it in for me)
NO DELUSIONS: non-realistic false beliefs-CIA planted chip in head
Suspicions of spousal infidelity too
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Schizoid Personality Disorder (4) |
People are objects
Rarely express emotions
Lack of interest in relationships
Socially withdrawn
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder (4) |
Wily Wonka: Eccentric
Bizzare behaviors
Very superstitious (lucky number everywhere - magical thinking)
Socially isolated
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Transvestic Disorder |
Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing
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Distinction for Delusions (2) |
Break from reality: rainbow in sprinkler - didn't have rainbows 20 years ago,
a belief held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary
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Avoidant Personality Disorder |
Avoid relationships due to a deep fear of rejection
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Dependent PD (3) |
Dependent on others
Difficulting making decisions
Stress-related health problems and mood disorders
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Obsessive Compulsive PD (4) |
Rigid: don't adapt or learn from mistakes
Legos: white city
Perfectionist
My way is the only way: it has to be done perfect
*strong preference, not irresistible urges
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Psychopaths: Ed Gein (3) |
1st American serial killer
Grave robbing
Women: made furniture from body parts
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Ted Bundy (2) |
Necrophilia (sex with corpses)
Upper Class
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John Wayne Gaesy (3) |
Clown
Abduct, sexually assault and bury kids under house
People wrote him love letters
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Jeffry Dahmer (3) |
Strangle and have sex with young African American men: street prostitutes
Long gaps in crime (common)
Kept body parts around house
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Antisocial PD (5)
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Impulsive: hard time controlling behavior - prefrontal cortex doesn't function well with keeping you from acting on impulses
Reckless, irresponsible
Tell you anything to get what they want
Deceitfulness: not much planning (not con artist)
Since age 15
*Psychopaths can control impulses better
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Percent of criminal population thats diagnosed with Antisocial PD |
about 50%
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Dennis Rader (BTK Killer) (4) |
Serial killer
BTK: Bind Torture Kill
Killed family and kept 13-yr-old girl alive saying "now you know whats going to happen to you"
Security alarm installer
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Lee Boyd Malvo & John Allen Muhammad (2) |
Muhammad cultivated Malvo
Shot and killed 13 random people
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Narcissistic PD (5)
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Grandiose sense of self-importance
Lack of empathy
Seek therapy: why do people keep overlooking my greatness?
Fragile self-esteem
Doesn't emerge til adulthood
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Borderline PD (8)
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Cutting
Most treatable of the PDs: dialected behavioral therapy
Unstable sense of self
Fear of abandonment (real or imagined)
Stress damages sense of security
Shifts from happy to hateful and loathing fast (self and others)
I hate you/I need you (unpredictable reactions and behavior)
History of neglect
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Histrionic PD (4)
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Jenny
Attention-seeking "I need to be the center of attention"
Doesn't have to be positive attention like narcissistic
Needs 5+ symptoms
Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
emotionality of story and not details
Physical appearance to draw attention
Suggestible
Relationships more intimate than actually are
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Alcohol Withdraw (4) |
Most lethal of all withdraws
Autonomic Hyperactivity (sweating, increased HR)
Hallucinations
Tonic-clonic siezures
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Cannibis Withdraw (7)
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Irritability, anger, aggression
Nervousness, anxiety
Sleep difficulty
Decreased appetite
Depressed
Restless
Physical Symptoms: stomach pain, shakiness, sweating, fever, chills, headache
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Opioid Withdraw (9)
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1. Dysphoric mood.
2. Nausea/vomiting.
3. Muscle aches.
4. Lacrimation or rhinorrhea
5. Pupillary dilation, piloerection, or sweating.
6. Diarrhea.
7. Yawning.
8. Fever.
9. Insomnia
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Sedative, Hipnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdraw (8)
|
1. Autonomic hyperactivity (sweating or increased pulse rate)
2. Hand tremor.
3. Insomnia.
4. Nausea or vomiting.
5. Hallucinations
6. Psychomotor agitation.
7. Anxiety.
8. Grand mal seizures
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Depressants (3 Drug Categories 1 Physiological Effect)
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Opioids and Opiates
Barbituates
Benzodiazepines
Reduce CNS activity
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Stimulants (1 Physiological Effect 4 Drugs) |
Increase CNS activity
Amphetamine
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Cocaine
Nicotine
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Hallucinogens (4 Drugs) |
Marijuana
LSD
Phencyclidine
Mescalin
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Marijuana
LSD
Phencyclidine
Mescalin
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Taken in lrger amounts or over longer period of time than was intended
persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down
craving
recurrent use in situations where its physically hazardous
Continued use despite knowledge of having problem caused or exacerbated by the substance
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Path to Dependence (3 Steps)
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Experimentation
Routine Use
Dependence (addiction)
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Mesolymbic Reward Pathway (3 areas of brain)
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Ventral Tegmental Area
Nucleus Accumbens
Prefrontal Cortex
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Opiates (3 Drugs) |
Opium
Morphine
Heroine
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Heroin and reward pathway (4) |
Dopamine in reward pathway:
Ventral Tegmental Area
Nucleus Accumbens
Prefrontal Cortex
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Opioids (1: Used for? 2 examples)
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*For Pain
Oxycotin
Hydrocodone
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Benzodiazepines (1 most important of 4)
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*For Anxiety
Depressant
All end in -barbitol
Xanax, roofies, etc.
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Benzodiazepines and the brain (2) |
Reward pathway
Use GABA (calming)
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Cocaine NT and organelle |
More Dopamine
Blocks MAO on Mitochondria
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Heroin: NTs (2) |
Blocks GABA so more Dopamine
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Meth: NT's (3 + 1 organelle) |
Releases Dopamine and blocks reuptake
Releases Norepinephrine and blocks reuptake
Releases Serotonin
Blocks MAO
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Releases Dopamine and blocks reuptake
Releases Norepinephrine and blocks reuptake
Releases Serotonin
Blocks MAO
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Every NT pathway studied
Encourages addiction
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LSD NT |
LSD NT |
Genetic Factors for Drug Use |
Genes influence decisions to use
Dependence is more determined by genetics
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Guest Speaker: Plymorphisms and drug use/abuse (4) |
Mutations of genetic codes
During conception and inherited
Harder to experience reward compared to others without the mutation of dopamine receptors
Lead to higher rates of addiction
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Guest Speaker: treatment for sensation seeking (2) |
Adventure therapy: wilderness
Behavioral Therapy: transfer addiction to something safe
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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (6) |
At least one of:
Depressed mood most of day most days
Loss of pleasure and interest
And 5 symptoms:
weight change
sleep disturbance
fatigue
more irritable, jumpy
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Persistent Depressive Disorder |
mild but persistent symptoms for 2 years or more
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2 Specifiers of MDD |
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Postpartum Depression
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Bipolar: Depression can last... cf Manic can last... |
Depression can last years
Manic can last a few weeks at most
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Bipolar I |
At least 1 full manic episode
Less frequent major depressive episodes cf Bipolar II
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Bipolar II |
No full manic episode
More frequent major depressive episodes cf Bipolar I
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No full manic episode
More frequent major depressive episodes cf Bipolar I
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Manic: lasts at least a week for most of day
Hypomanic: lasts 4 days or less for most of day
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Cyclothymic Disorder (4)
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Below threshold for Bipolar
At least 2 years
Periods of hypomanic that don't meet criteria for hypomanic episode
Periods of depressive symptoms that don't meet criteria for major depressive episode
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Attributional Perspective (2) and Attribution Styles (3) |
Learned Helplessness
Vicious Cycle
Internal: "My fault"
Global: "I'm a screw-up"
Stable: "I'm never going to get it together"
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Biological Perspective: Bipolar brains |
Have asymmetrical right hemispheres
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Treatment for Bipolar (Behavioral Activation) |
Engage in rewarding activities (Behavioral Activation) especially when depressed
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Medications for Bipolar (2) |
Lithium: mood stabilizer
Prozac, Zoloft: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
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High Comorbidity of Bipolar and... |
Borderline Personality Disorder
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High Comorbidity of Bipolar and... |
Asymptomatic: 53%
Depressed: 32%
Manic: 9%
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Prevalence of MDD in Women and Men |
Women: 21%
Men 12%
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Prevalence of Persistent Depressive Disorder |
2-6%
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Prevalence of: Bipolar I Bipolar II |
Bipolar I: .4%-1.6%
Bipolar II: .5%
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Suicide Theory: 3 Aspects that put you at risk |
Thwarted Belongingness "I'm alone"
Perceived Burdensomeness "I'm a burden to others" "My death is worth more to people than my life"
Capability for Suicide "I'm not afraid to die" have to work up to capability
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Risk Factors for MDD (4) |
Young adult
Low SES
Separated/divorced
2 short alleles on serotonin transporter gene
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