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HIST 100: EXAM 1
paleolithic
|
stone age
old
4,000 to 10,000 bc
hunter gathers
tended to be nomadic
|
neolithic
|
about 10,000 bc
new stone
development of agriculture
climate changes occur
warmer temp
domestication of animals
|
components of a civ
|
well established communities
leaders to run the communtites
social classes
dev of spirituality
|
Summerians
|
1st group
3200-2340 BC
have zigguart in the middle
epic of Gilgemesh
|
Akkadians
|
Known for being great warriars
Sargon was the "leader"
probably not good in the diplomatic side
|
Babylonians
|
Defeated Akkadians easily
larger civ
has holy sites
Fewer invasions
has good bureaucratic rulers
has Hammurabi as one of their leaders
|
Code of Hammurabi
|
universal meaning-all under the same law
centralized the is king is number 1
the state is responsible for everone
permit punshiment due process ofl aw
|
bride wealth
|
the men pay throught money or wealth to marry the girl
|
True or false?
The first intermediate period in Egyptian history, which began around 2200, has been accounted for purely due to external factors like a 150 year drought?
|
True
|
the new kingdom of Egypt(1567-1085) was the fourth in a long succession of Egyptian kingdoms to focus on conscious imperialism.
|
False |
Because of their advanced nautical technologies, historians suspect the Hittie peoples to be descendants of the Sea ppl.
|
false
|
The hebre ppl were led of slavery in Egypt by moses in the Biblical exodus story.
|
True |
Guilds, the ancient near- Easter predecessors to today's unions, were first established by the Assyrians.
|
false
|
mesopotamians share the Semitic language
|
true |
cuneifore is an example of ideograpic writing
|
true |
the ka was a contract btw pharaoh and his subject
|
false
|
the epic of Gilgamesh wase hyksos in t written by th he first intermediate period
|
false
|
the Egyptians had pretty kinglets and city states because the nature of their geography
|
false |
cuneiform
|
Mesopotamia's societies writing were called these.
the scribes are ideogram symbols "ideas"
|
religion in mesopotamia
|
polythesim society
anthropomorphic-shape of a human
had higher gods than other othergods
|
egypt
|
had indo-european group
|
old kingdom
|
6700-2200
pyramid were built by ppl who were willing to build
pave roads
believed that the pyramids shape was stairway to heaven
had a 150 yr drought
|
pharaoh |
leader in egypt
|
nomarch/nomes
|
ppl who a re responsbile of certain areas in egypt
|
ka
|
spirit
|
Ma'at |
Pharaoh will continue to rule his ppls through truth, justice and harmony towards his ppl
|
2nd intermediate period
|
1652-1567
hica adopted all of the egyptians ways
hica bring broze which the egyptians use
|
new kingdom
|
1567-1085
wide spread slavery
military
imperliasm
|
hatshepsut
|
1503-1468
female pharaoh
domestic building
|
RamseyII |
1279-1213
he lived to be 80-90 yrs old
had over 100 sons
|
society and culture in egypt
|
women were kind of equal.
however men still held domiancy
|
society and culture in mesopotamia
|
women were not equal to men.
women were property
|
hitties |
2000-1200
Indo European
had council of elders
did not dev their own lang picked up cuniform writing and hieroglyphics.
|
Council of elders
|
20-30 of elders advise the kings
|
protectorate
|
near a capital to protect it such as a son to be near but as far also as far away
|
vassal |
usually farther aways gives rules to a person as long as the person does not create a war
|
Phillistines
|
create city states around 1200 BC
Domesticate animals
david and Goliath
|
Phonecians
|
great sea tech
Ships
Maybe sea ppl?
Invented ABC
|
Saul
|
1020 BC
Bring 12 tribes together
1020 BC tries to take over Palliestine but
Saul commits suicide bcuz of defeat
|
David
|
1000-971
Make Jerusalism a political and religious capital when he beats Philistine
|
covenant
|
agreement btw god and his ppl.
as long as you live by the rules and are loyal to god, you are saved
|
YHWH |
creater of all things
|
Salam |
Son of david, rules from 1791- 1731
Makes a temple
Ark of a coventa which contains the 10 commandments.
|
Guild
|
When a member dies ppl would take care of the remaining ppl
|
Assyrians
|
create large empire around 1700
Bible refers "land bathe in blood"
|
assyrians' millitary empire
|
more war tech than ppl for as long as 1400 AD
have full armor suits
caterpolt, copper, chariots, archors
|
library of ninevah
|
22,0000 clay tablets in the Assyrians society. one of which was Hammurabi code. Also the library had Egyptian scrolls
|
Medes |
604Took over jerusalum and enslaved imortant ppl.
expert at astronomy and math
|
Cyrus the Great
|
559
took over Babylon at 550 BC when Chaldeans were there
Frees all the hebrews that were slaves
Rebuilds the hebrew temple
|
zoroastianism
|
dualism 2 principle gods
|
ahuramazda
|
good god
|
ahriman |
bad god
|
satrapy
|
is a unit
|
satrap
|
governor
|
Cambyses
|
530-522
tries to take egypt in 525
when he dies his sucessor takes over
|
Darius
|
5220-486
try to complete Cambyses work
|
minoans
|
were isolated and had no enemies
knwn for large scale trading empire and economic empire
linear A
Indo-european
Lived by the ocean and have lots of dolphins pottery
|
Tholos tombs
|
Tombs "Beehives" where the Minoans buried grave goods
|
Mycenaean |
1600- 1100
linear B writing
located in peloponnese
|
Greek Dark ages
|
1700-750
not a lot of trade or political
Historian we refer to this because their are few written records on this time
|
homer |
writes about the dark ages.
Odyesses
|
Archaic Period
|
750-500
Forming political and economic period
climate is changing and societies are forming
|
polis
|
city states that have that have their own laws "tiny countries"
Each polis have a religious structure
|
acropolis |
have statues for their god or goddess- polythesim
|
agora |
large open spaces
|
colonization
|
it was vital if everyone aceppted everyone
could be physical, cultural and economic
bring laws, culture
hapooens during the archaic period
|
basileus
|
king |
gerousia |
council of elders
|
ecclesia |
have to born in the polis to be a citizin
|
metropolis
|
"mother city"
|
oikist |
leader
usually merchants who become popular
|
tyrants |
power in unconstitutional way
|
timocracy
|
the money you have the more power
|
Sparta
|
best military in the Archaic period
Becomes the dominant polis
largest polis
have a military culture
|
1st messian war
|
735-715
Spartans enslaved messians
agriculture slaves
were chained together by their ankles
were called Helots- state slaves
|
2nd messian war
|
750-650
|
Athens |
have a lot of political problems
have a tyrant named draco during this period 621 BC
pushes athens to civil war
Exhile all the nobles that did not support him
|
sixth- partner
|
one sixth of their land is theirs
|
thetes |
free commoners
|
solon |
594 he comes to power
undo everything Draco does
most famous law "Draco law of Debt"
Makes the "Council law of 400"
|
Cleisthenes
|
508
Wealthy, tyrant
Creates machinery
Takes all of Solon's bodies and increases
|
Council of 500
|
group chosen by lot and paid for service
|
strategoi 10
|
can be reelected indefinitely
|
Magna graecia
|
bigger greece
|
ostracism
|
vote a name to the council of 500 and each person get a vote to have them leave the polis for life
|
persian wars
|
499-479
Persians were able to kill most polis because the greeks did not want to unify
|
Battle of marathon
|
490 bc
Athenians and the Spartans pair up
|
Athenian empire
(league)
|
Form the Athenian league
Become more imperialistic
|
Peloponnese 1st war/2nd
|
460-445
both naval and land battle
do have attempt to have peace
2nd
Athenian breaks treaty by attacking mMlox a neutral place.
|
herodotus
|
farther of history
however consider him bad historian because he makes stuff up.
|
thucdides
|
scientific history
checked his sources
tells us if he is using questionable sources.
writes about the pwar since he was a commander
|
sophocles
|
playwriter
|
aristophanes
|
"lysistrate"
no sex= no war
book/ play
|
thales
|
looked at eclipses and tides
creduted for making the scientific method
|
anaximader |
looked at the universe and said that it was infinite
|
sophists |
"sophisticated"
took money from their students to teach them
|
socrates |
sun the god
nothing is absolute
spoke to the youth
did not take money
|
Aristotle
|
384-422
interest was philosophy, as well as cosmolgy
gods did not play any role
scientific method
polis reaches their fullest potential
|
Hippocrates |
father of medicine
natural explanation for ilness
did not think the gods did it
|
Hellenistic civ
|
"greek life"
emulated greek
|
Philip II of Macedon
|
became king from 359-356
was taken in a raid by Thebes
learned greek and greek culture
see himself as greek and takes the title as "hegemon"-control
|
diaspra |
scattering hebrew
|
hapiru |
"Hebrew" nomadic tribes
|
lycorgan regiman
|
political- 2 kings
economic- give lower class land
social- everyone including their kings give their children to the military
spartan |
demos
|
people
|
house of song
|
zoratrism
had two gods
was similar to judaism
|
battle of salamis
|
480 bc
naval battle
athenian mostly beat it against the persian
|
battle of chaeronea
|
ends the classical period
336-323
Philip II was paying other greeks to kill their own kind
|
delian league
|
when all the polis comes together so when the persians comes back to attack them they r ready
|