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DM 120: EXAM ONE
Apparel |
Textiles used in Clothing |
Interior Furnishings |
Textiles used in furniture, bath, kitchen, and bed |
Industrial |
Textiles used in such items as luggage, flags, boat sails, and tires |
Fibers |
Smallest part of the fabric: Fine, hairlike substances |
Yarns |
Continuous threadlike strands composed of fibers that have been twisted together |
Fabrics |
Made from yarns and are either woven or knitted |
Dyeing |
Process for imparting a solid color to textiles |
Printing |
Process for imparting designs to textiles |
Finishing |
Additional treatments that fabrics need in order to be finished. E.g. Waterproofing a jacket |
Put-Up |
Term used to indicate the way fabric is packaged when it is sold |
Shorts |
Pieces of Fabric shorter than 40 yards |
Remnants |
1 - 10-yard pieces of cloth |
Pound Goods |
Very short pieces of fabric, sold by the pound |
Mill |
Company that owns textile machinery and makes fabric |
Vertically Integrated |
Mills that make their own fabric, produce their own yarn, and finish their fabric |
Jobbers |
Buys leftover fabrics from mills that would be difficult to sell otherwise |
Overrun |
Occurs when a mill produces more dyed, printed, or finished fabric than the order required |
Converters |
Individual or organization that buys Greige goods from mills, has the fabric dyed or printed by other companies, and then sells their finished fabric. |
Greige Goods |
Unfinished or undyed/unprinted fabric. |
Importer |
Buys fabric/manufactured textile products from a foreign supplier and brings them into the United States |
Retail Store |
Offer over-the-counter sales of fabrics to home sewers |
Overseas Agents |
(Intermediary) Person/Company that represents an exporter or importer in the countries overseas where it conducts business |
Private Label |
Retail brand in which apparel products are made specifically for a retailer and sold exclusively by that retailer |
Fair Trade |
Product was produced without labor exploitation |
Natural Fibers |
Fabrics that are found in Nature |
Synthetic (Manufactured) Fibers |
Fibers that are manufactured through science and technology |
Dry Spinning |
Fiber solution, mixd with a solvent, is forced through the spinnerette into warm air. The warm air helps evaporate the solvent, and the liquid stream then hardens. Acetate/modacrylic are made this way. |
Wet Spinning |
Solution forced through the spinnerette and then into a liquid solution in which the fiber solution streams harden into continuous filaments. Acrylic Fibers as well as viscose rayon fibers are made this way. |
Melt Spinning |
Solid material is melted to form a liquid solution that if forced through the spinnerette and into cool air, where the liquid fiber streams harden into continuous filaments. Glass, nylon, polyester, and Olefin fibers are made this way. |
Staple Fibers |
Fibers whose lengths are measured in inches |
Filament Fibers |
Fibers of longer length |
Tow |
When thousands of filaments are grouped together to form a thick rope |
Crimp |
Refers to the bends and twists along the length of a fiber |
Hydrophilic |
Absorbs water easily |
Thermoplastic |
Able to be melted |
Abrasion Resistance |
The ability to resist wear from rubbing |
Absorbency |
The ability to take in moisture |
Hydrophobic |
Difficulty absorbing water |
Hygroscopic |
Absorb moisture without feeling damp E.g. Silk and Wool |
Cover |
The ability to occupy and area |
Elasticity |
Ability to stretch |
Flammability |
Ability to ignite and burn |
Flexibility |
Capability of a fiber to bend easily and repeatedly without breaking |
Hand |
The feel of the fiber or fabric |
Luster |
Light reflected from a surface |
Pilling |
Formation of groups of short or broken fibers on the surface of a fabric that are tangled together |
Resiliency |
Capability of a material to spring back to shape after being creased, twisted, or distorted |
Specific Gravity |
Ratio of the mass of the fiber to an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celcius |
Static Electricity |
Frictional electric charge caused by rubbing together two dissimilar materials |
Strength |
Fibers ability to withstand stress |
Thermoplasticity |
The ability of fibers to withstand heat exposure |
Wicking |
Ability of a fiber to transfer moisture from one section to another |
Specialty Hair Fibers |
Rare animal fibers that possess special qualities of hand, fineness, and luster: Angora, Alpaca, Camel Hair, Cashgora, Cashmere, Llama, Mohair, Qiviut, Vicuña, Yak |
Bast Fibers |
Those that grow in the stem section of the pant and are cellulosic: Bamboo, Hemp, Jute, Ramie |
Leaf Fibers |
Taken from the leaf section of a plant such as; Yucca, banana, pineapple, and Sisal (The most important one) |