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PSY 110: FINAL
DSM |
-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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DSM
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used to explain mental disorders (5 explanations)
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biological
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heredity or physiology
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psychodynamic
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unconscious conflicts
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bio psychosocial
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combination |
learning
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"symptoms" learned
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cognitive |
negative views
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bipolar disorder
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alternatingg bouts of mania (euphoria) and depression
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-hallucinations
-delusions (false beliefs about reality)
-disorganized speech, thought and behavior
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positive symptoms of schizophrenia
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-lack of emotional response
-limited speech
-apathy
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negative symptoms of schizophrenia
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schizophrenia |
disordered/ "split" thoughts and communication, inappropriate emotions
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90%
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percentage of people who left clues before committing
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sadness
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symptom of major depressive disorder
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psychology
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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description, explanation, prediction, influence (control)
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4 goals of psych
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description
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identifying/classifying
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explanation
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reasons
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prediction
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hypothesizing
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influence (control)
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applied research
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scientific method
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involves observation, hypothesis testing, theorizing, and replication
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dendrites |
receives messages
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axon |
sends messages
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cell body (soma), dendrites, axon
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parts of a neuron
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receptor cells for vision
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-occipital
- primary visual cortex
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olfaction |
sense of smell
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consciousness
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awareness of thoughts, feelings, external environment at any given time
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sleep, meditation, hypnosis, drugs
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altered states of consciousness
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stage 4
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sleep stage night terrors occur in
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albert became afraid whenever he saw a rat or any other white animal thinking there would be a loud noise associated with it.
- CS= rat
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-little albert and the white rat
- CS
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negative punishment
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taking away something desirable
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negative reinforcement
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taking away a stimulus that will strengthen the response to that stumli
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encoding
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changing form
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storage |
holding information
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retrieval
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recovering from the memory
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functional fixedness
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can't see new uses for familiar objects
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motivation
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starts, directs, energized behavior (causes persistence to goal)
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conscious
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any thoughts at that time
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preconscious
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stored memory
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unconscious
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fears, violent motives, irrational needs
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conscious, preconscious, unconscious
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Freud's psychoanalytic theory (3 levels)
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assimilation
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using current structure ( saying dog is a cat)
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accommodation
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changing schema
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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a disorder in which a child lacks the ability to establish and maintain social realtionships
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Disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (DMDD)
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a disorder in which children are highly irritable and have frequent outbursts of temper that interfere with social and academic functioning.
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compulsion
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a persistent, irresistible and irrational urge to perform an act or ritual repeatedly
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obsession
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a persistent, involuntary thought, image, or impulse that invades consciousness and causes great distress
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panic attack
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episode of overwhelming anxiety, fear, or terror
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attachment
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the strong affectionate bond a child forms with the mother or primary caregiver
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culturally sensitive therapy
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approach to therapy in which knowledge of clients' cultural backgrounds guides the choice of therapeutic interventions
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gender sensitive therapy
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approach to therapy that takes into account the effects of gender on both the therapist's and the client's bahevior
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group therapy
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several clients (7-10) meet regularly with one or more therapists to resolve personal problems.
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family therapy
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involves entire family. the goal is to help all members reach agreement on changes that will heal them, improve communication, create more harmony
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relationship therapies
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therapies that attempt to improve clients' interpersonal relationships or create new ones to support clients' efforts to address physiological problems.
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aversion therapy
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behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a harmful or socially undesirable behavior until it becomes associated with pain or discomfort.
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antipsychotic medication
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can cause tardive dyskinesia
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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highly effective for (suicidal) depression that does not respond to other therapies
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lithium
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the "wonder drug" for bipolar disorder
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participant modeling
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watching others perform desired behavior
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abnormal behavior
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-must be maladaptive and consistent with other criteria
-defined by each culture
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males (45-59)
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highest suicide rate
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conversion disorder
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when there is a loss of motor or sensory functioning in some part of the body, which is not due to a physical cause but which solves a problem
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conversion disorder example
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unconsciously developed a physical disability to help resolve an unconscious sexual or aggressive conflict
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somatic symptom disorder
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involves physical symptoms that are due to psychological rather than any known medical condition
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amnesia |
a complete or partial loss of the ability to recall personal information or identify past experiences
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forget identity and tend to travel away from home
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forget identity and tend to travel away from home
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DID |
two or more distinct personalities exist in the same individual and there is severe memory disruption concerning personal info about other personalities.
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paraphilias |
people who have reoccurring sexual fantasies about children or non-consenting people
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paranoid |
untrusting, highly suspicious, lacking emotion, holds grudges
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schizotypal |
dresses in extremely unusual ways, lacks social skills, odd ideas resembling schizophrenia
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borderline
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unstable mood, behavior, self-image and social relationships. fear of abandonment. impulse behavior & makes suicidal gestures
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antisocial
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disregard rights and feelings of others. is manipulative, selfish, aggressive, reckless, willing to break law, lie, cheat for person gain. no remorse. cant hold jobs
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ADHD |
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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psychodynamic therapies
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attempt to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain a client's current difficulties.
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free association
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used to explore the unconscious by having patients reveal whatever thoughts, feelings, or images come to mind
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dream analysis
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areas of emotional concern repressed in waking life are sometimes expressed in symbolic form in dreams.
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transference |
patient reacts with analyst the same way they would in another significant relationship (mother/father)
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person-centered therapy
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therapist creates an accepting climate and shows empathy, freeing clients to be themselves and releasing their natural tendency towards self-actualization
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token economy
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awards appropriate behavior with poker chips, play money, gold stars and can be traded for candy, gum, or weekend passes, free time.
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behavior modification
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goal is to change the troublesome behavior, not change the individual's personality structure or to search for the origin of the problem behavior.
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systematic desensitization
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treat fears by having clients trained into deep muscle relaxation, then having them confront anxiety-producing situations until they are calm around them.
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flooding
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behavior therapy used in the treatment of phobias. exposes clients to their fear until their anxiety decreases
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exposure |
exposing clients to objects or situations they have been avoiding because they trigger obsessions and compulsive rituals.
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responsive prevention
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clients agree to resist performing their compulsive rituals for progressively longer periods of time.
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rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
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(Robert Ellis) designed to challenge clients' irrational beliefs about themselves and others.
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beck's cognitive therapy (CT)
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helps clients' stop their cognitive errors as they occur and replace them with more objective thoughts
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anticonvulsants
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help manage bipolar symptoms with fewer side effects (than lithium)
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benzodiazepines |
used to treat anxiety, and panic disorder.
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Xanax
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largest-selling psychiatric drug, relieves anxiety and depression
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-side effects
-proper dosages
-don't cure
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disadvantages of drug therapy
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cingulotomy
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electrodes are used to destroy a small bundle of nerves connecting the cortex to the emotional centers of the brain
(extreme cases of OCD)
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e-therapy
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online therapy.. emails, video conferences, virtual worlds
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we are more influenced by the first information we get from the person rather than what comes later
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why are first impressions so important
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similarity
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what is the basis for attraction?
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myer-briggs type idicator
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personality test based on Jung's theory
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MMPI-2
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-used to asses test takers' truthfulness.
-it is reliable, easy to use and inexpensive
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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most widely used personality inventory
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bacterial (syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea)
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STD's treated with antibiotics
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hassels
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irritating demands that occur daily and may cause more stress then major life changes do
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uplifts
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positive experiences in life (better grade than expected) may neutralize the effects of many hassles.
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testosterone
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males and females both need this to maintain sexual interest and responsiveness.
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contact comfort
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most common attachment style according to ainsworth
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context-dependent memory
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part or all of original context in reinstated, serving as a retrieval cue. (returning to living room to remember what you needed from the bedroom)
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experimental method
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only method that can be used to identify cause-effect relationships
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self help groups
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not led by professional, meet with people who have common problem. focus on one problem (alcohol/drugs)
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assumptions made by biological therapists
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psychological well-being depends on self-understanding ( understanding one's own thoughts, emotions, motives, behavior and coping mechanisms
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anxiety disorder
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most common psychological disorder
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principles of learning
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what can be used to treat specific phobias
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mood disorders
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thimble-sized patch of brain tissue in the prefrontal cortex is shrinking 40-50% smaller in people with depression.. (plays key role in control of emotions)
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