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HIS 104.01: FINAL EXAM
Indigenous people of South Africa
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Khoikhoi
Nguni (Zulu)
Xhosa
San
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Cape of Good Hope
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Southern most point of Africa
Refreshment station
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Refreshment Station
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Set up so the Khoikhoi could buy meat and other things to supply ships with
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Dutch East Indian Company
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Established permanent base in 1962
Founded by Jan Van Riebeeck
Brought a lot of spices from Africa and India to Europe and America
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Receipts from the Dutch East Indian company
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Were given every time a spice was purchases
Sometimes the ships took too long and they couldn't wait, so they sold their receipts to other people
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Afrikaners |
Dutch settlers in South Africa
Decided that South Africa was their promised land
Dutch and German farmers
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Why Dutch settled in South Africa
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Because the Dutch Reform church were persecuted in the Netherlands so they had to leave
Manifest Destiny
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Rules for Slaves
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No firearms
No assembling of more than two people at one place without supervision
Must carry pass if they were to move from one place to another
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Where slaves came from in South Africa
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Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and East Africa
**All east of south africa**
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Sexual Encounters
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Would occur, but the offspring would inherit their mother
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Whites in South Africa
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Had all the privileges
Controlled everything
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Racial Discrimination South Africa
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Whites
Colored
Indians
Africans
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Coloreds in South Africa
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Children of the descendants of the relationship between Europe and the slaves
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Indians
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Anybody who came from Asia
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Africans
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Anybody who had African relatives or was a direct descendant
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British and South Africa
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Took over South Africa from the Dutch in 1795
Captured land from the indigenous people
Took away their cattle, which was a very important figure in South Africa
Forces occupation of African pastures and farmland
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What did the dutch settlers do when the British took over South Africa
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Moved into the interior of Africa (Great Trek)
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The Great Trek (1834-1841)
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Movement of the Dutch settlers to the interior parts of Africa
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Very important figure in South Africa
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Cattle |
What side were the Dutch on during World Wars I & II?
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Germany's
Only to try and make germany free them from British control
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Result of WW2
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All people should be capable of their own future, and everybody should rule themselves
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Elections that took place in South Africa after World War II
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Majority of the people here were indigenous people
Therefore they should win the election and rule South Africa
However, the British and Dutch came together to try and win the elections and succeeded
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Apartheid Laws
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Created by the new dutch/british government to rule South Africa
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Who won the elections in South Africa
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Afrikaners
Nationalist party led by Dr.Malan
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Who led the nationalist party in South Africa
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Dr. Malan
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Prohibition of Mixed Marriages
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Wanted to preserve the white race, so they passed it saying that nobody could marry outside his/her race
No white person should marry another person that isn't white
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Afrikans
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Language implemented by the Dutch that the Dutch spoke in Africa
Forced the Africans to learn it
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Population Registration Act
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All people should be registered based on the color of their skin
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Bantu Education Act
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All races have a different curriculum
Africans was worse than most of the others races curriculum
trained to work in factories, farms, or plantation
Whites and other races were trained to be doctors or lawyers
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Immorality Amendment Act
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Created to strengthen the prohibition of mixed marriages
Made it so you couldn't have affairs/sexual relations without getting married
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Natives Resettlement Act
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Your town or community or village is your land and the Dutch could just move the whole community to a different area
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Natives Act
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If an African wanted to move from one place to another they needed permission from the police
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African National Congress (ANC)
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Founded in 1912, a political party the had the idea that South Africa was owned by all the people in South Africa
Wanted equal representations of all the people in south Africa
Founded the Freedom Charter
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Freedom Charter
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Founded by ANC
Wanted to reassure the white minority gov. that there should be free election in South Africa, where everybody was allowed to vote
Would be implemented if ANC won election
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How was the Freedom Charter treated
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Ignored the policy and continued the policies of Apartheid
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Nelson Mandela
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Leader of Spear of the Nation
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South African Communist Party
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Composed of a small group of white liberal who were very smart individuals
Lead by JOE SLOVO
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Pan-African Congress
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Exclusive
Started by members from the ANC, left the ANC when freedom charter was adopted b/c they felt the ANC had became too soft
Would not include the white minority that was oppressing them
Leader was ROBERT SOBUKWE
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Poqo
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The military that was in the PAC
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Sharpville Massacre
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Many people killed, mostly by the police
Heard of throughout the world
Arrested all of the Apartheid gov & political parties and put them in jail
All political parties were banned in South Africa
Government declared state of emergency
Leader was RIVONIA
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State of Emergency
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If found saying anything about the gov. you can be thrown in jail for a long time without a trial
Declared during the Sharpville Massacre
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Soweto Massacre
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All people of South Africa should learn Afrikans; students didn't like this b/c they wanted better careers
Students resisted by organizing a demonstration against the Bantu Education act, parents had no idea about it
African police started shooting children, world saw images of children carrying dead children
Made the world aware of all the problems in Africa
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Steve Biko
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Killed in 1977
Created the Black Consciousness Movement--based on Apartheid ideas
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Black ConsciousnessMovement
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Based on Apartheid ideas
Idea from the african american movements in US
Purpose was to raise cultural awareness in South Africa
Set up organization and became so popular that the gov. feared that they would use it to attach them
Arrested Steve Biko and killed him
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Winnie Mandela
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While her husband Nelson Madela was in prison, she went around the country speaking and giving messages to the people of South Africa to stay strong
Went to prison several times and came out
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Bishop Desmond Tutu
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Head of the Anglican church
Won nobel peace prize in 1984 b/c of his efforts to make peace in South Africa
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Franc
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Type of money used
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Puppet Regimes
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Government had to consult Paris or London before any decision were made
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Elitism |
Became a problem after independence
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Grassroots development
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Idea that the people on the found decide what is good for them and what they want, not somebody from the central gov. deciding what is good for the people
Local people, people from own communities should decide
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Pan-Africanism
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Only way the continent could be if they form a united states of Africa after independence
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Pan-Africanism
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As each country became independent they didn't want to join the united states of Africa they wanted to be independent states. So these ideas didn't become a reality
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National council of british west Africa--NCBWA
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Idea was that once they get independence from the british they will create a federation of british colonies in west Africa
Once they got independence the leaders became selfish and didn't want to become apart of the original gov they had planned for
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Rassemblement démocratique African
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French colonies belonged to the same political party
Shared idea of creating a federation of former French colonies
In 1960 they all got their independence so it was very easy for them to form their federation but each leader wanted to be a king in their territory
Some of the leaders said that some of the territories were so poor and they were not gong to be sharing their resources with their poor neighbors
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Pan African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa (PAFMECA)
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When you have a common enemy you all unite but one the common enemy (British) is no longer there they got independence and everyone went their own way
Involved Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania
Could have formed a united federation but they didn't want to after independence
Failed to make the dream of the Unites States of Africa
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Organization of African Unity/African Union
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Should start and organization that brings the leaders gradually together to discuss the ideas that will bring the Unites States of Africa
Founded in Ethiopia b/c it was right for the symbol of the unites states of Africa, came up with specific objectives and principals to guide the unites states of Africa
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Political Diplomatic
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African states were suppose to have one single ideology
In international diplomacy African countries or leaders must vote as one
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Objectives of the organization of African Unity
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Political diplomatic
Economic
Educational & Cultural
Health & Nutrition
Scientific & Technical
Defense & Security
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Principles of the Organization of African Unity
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Equality of member states
Non-interference in internal affairs
Territorial integrity
Peaceful settlement of disputes
Condemnation of subversive activities
Independence for all African states
Non-alignment
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Francophone/Anglophone Rivalry
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Rivarly between former French colonies and former british colonies
Frustrated members that were creating African unity b/c they still had to go through Paris to get approval
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Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS
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Ecobank--branches all over west Africa and are striving towards a common currency called ecco
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Southern African development conference
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Brought together all of the countries of Southern Africa and they were united against apartheid
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East African Cooperation
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Have a common passport for members of all of East Africa
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African Development Bank
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Bank that loans money to African countries and their development programs at very low interest
African union parliament is in South Africa and every country participates
Insist that 50% of the membership has to be woman
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Ewe-Mawuno
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Woman are perceived to be the supreme being of God
B/c they were the one who ultimately created humans
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Dowry/Bride Price
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Could not marry someone's daughter for free, they have to give something in return
When a man wants to marry a woman they have to prove to their parents that they are worthy
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Matrilocal System
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Groom moves to live with woman and family and is observed to make sure he is worthy of marrying her
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Pillow Dictionaries
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The use of woman in African cultures to make foreigners understand the culture and what the people were like and how they lived
Used them as a gateway for them to get into the culture
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Christian African Mothers
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Few woman went to school during this period, but were sent to missionary schools to learn how a good mother should be
Trained to take care of old men and children
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Woman and resistance against colonialism
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Woman would organize demonstrations against the government
Every time the government would try and tax woman in the market, they would go on strike and perform demonstrations in the markets
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Mama Benz
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Involved in the trading of cloth and textiles
Very rich woman that would drive around town in Mercedes Benz
Was a symbol of richness and superiority
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