Return to Set

Upgrade to remove ads

View

  • Term
  • Definition
  • Both Sides

Study

  • All (142)

Shortcut Show

Next

Prev

Flip

FCS 102: FINAL

After absorption, carbohydrates are transported through the _____.
portal system
Flip
most responsible for increasing the surface area of the small intestine is the _____ .
microvili
Flip
the small intestine from beginning to end ____, ___ , ____.
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Flip
a typical serving size of _______ is a rich source of dietary fiber
oat bran
Flip
_____ uses energy to absorb nutrients.
active transport
Flip
_____ breaks the bond in disaccharides during digestion
hydrolosis
Flip
the monosaccharide common to disaccharides during digestion.
glucose
Flip
a sphincter helps
control the movement of food
Flip
complex carbohydrates
starchy- long chains of glucose units
Flip
sucrose releases ____.
fructose
Flip
most digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place in the _______.
small intestine
Flip
_____ is the hormone that triggers the gall bladder to contract when fat reaches the small intestine.
Chloecystokinin. CCK.
Flip
The actual cause of ulcers has been identified as ____ .
H. pylori
Flip
____ is a concern for those who inherited PKU.
aspartame
Flip
dietary fiber
consists of nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intact and intrinsic in plants
Flip
type 1 dibetes
do not produce any insulin
Flip
type 2 diabetes
do not produce enough or do not properly utilize insulin.
Flip
what non nutritive sweetener is not heat stable?
aspartame (equal)
Flip
kcal/g for fat, protein, carb, alcohol
fat- 9 protein-4 carb-4 alcohol- 7
Flip
the daily value on nutrition facts is based on a daily caloric value of _____.
2000 kcal.
Flip
the most calorie densed food sources have a _______.
high proportion of fat
Flip
the new MyPyramid suggests that ___% of grains eaten daily should be whole grains
50
Flip
____ begins to break down carbohydrate in the mouth by major activity is in the duodenum.
amylase
Flip
pouches on the colon are ___.
diverticulosis
Flip
When purchasing a dietary supplement you need to know that ______.
they are not regulated.
Flip
the exchange lists categorizes food based on ____.
similar amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fat per serving.
Flip
a skin fold measurement is conducted to
determine body fatness
Flip
a break down of sucrase requires a ______.
protein but no energy.
Flip
a blood glucose level of 110 mg/dl is a ?
biochemical assesment
Flip
the human body lacks the enzyme to split and digest bonds in ______.
dietary fiber
Flip
____ helps to correct hypoglycemia
epinephrine
Flip
Where are insulin and glucagon produced?
In the pancreas; they have pockets of endocrine cells known as pancreatic islets. Each islet has alpha cells (which secrete glucagon) and beta cells (secret insulin).
Flip
the main function of dietary carbohydrates is ____.
to supply energy to the body.
Flip
the absorptive process that requires NO ENERGY and protein for its transport is?
passive diffusion
Flip
glucose is classified as?
simple sugar
Flip
wavelike motions moving food from the esophagus to the GI tract is called
peristalsis
Flip
the first digestion of starch in toast starts in the _____.
mouth
Flip
Energy supplying nutrients
Carbs, fats, and protein
Flip
the hormone to increase the pH of chyme is ?
secretin
Flip
a high blood glucose level is?
hyperglycemia
Flip
the most appropriate use of the RDA for nutrients is ?
menu planning for groups of people
Flip
hydrochloric acids does not activate ____
amylase
Flip
after digestion absorption and packing transport, long chain fatty acids travel through
lymphatic system
Flip
a good dietary source of omega 3 fatty acids, which can lower the risk of heart disease is provided by eating ___
salmon
Flip
safe disposal of excess body nitrogen is accomplished through the formation and excretion of ____?
urea
Flip
the type of fatty acid that has no double bonds in its carbon chain is?
saturated
Flip
eicosanoids are derives from omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids, which are both classified as
fatty acids- polyunsaturated
Flip
the process of synthesizing cholesterol in the liver is an example of
anabolism
Flip
What is not a function of fat in the body?
a quick fuel supply for the brain
Flip
the genetic material which determines amino acid sequence and structure of all proteins is located in this cell organelle
nucleus
Flip
the type of vegetarian that is most at risk for a nutritional deficiency is
vegan
Flip
dietary nitrogen intake minus the sum of all sources of nitrogen excretion is known as the _____
nitrogen balance
Flip
What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega 3)
Flip
the primary enzyme for initial metabolism of alcohol is ____?
alcohol dehydrogenisis
Flip
the major direct fuel that body cell uses for work activities?
ATP
Flip
under which circumstance would a person most likely be in positive nitrogen balance?
pregnancy
Flip
carbohydrates are needed for lipid metabolism because they supply ______ to start the citric acid cycle?
oxaloacetic acid (OAA)
Flip
The total next energy produced from glucose during anaerobic glycolysis is
ATP
Flip
during starvation, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or diet high in protein and fat produces ____?
ketone bodies
Flip
the energy carrier derived from niacin that participates in oxidative reactions to capture energy is ?
NAD
Flip
alcoholism moderation may reduce heart disease risk because it is elevated in this lipoprotein?
HDLs
Flip
risk of diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension increase when body fat accumulates in this region
chest and abdomen
Flip
the citric acid cycle and beta oxidation both occur in this part of the cell
mitochondria
Flip
indirect calorimetry is based on which equation
macronutrients+Adp+oxygen=>atp+carbon dioxide+water
Flip
which of the following metabolic processes occur under anaerobic conditions?
glycolysis
Flip
the metabolism of alcohol in the body primarily leads to the formation of?
fats
Flip
cwhich component of total energy expenditure can a person most effectively increase to help achieve weight loss?
activity
Flip
bile acids, vitamin D, and several hormones including estrogen and testosterone are synthesized from?
cholesterol
Flip
when oxygen is not readily available during glucose metabolism, pyruvate form ___ to form NAD
lactate
Flip
the inducible method for metabolizing larger quanities of alcohol is?
MEOS
Flip
which of the following is not a typically major function of protein?
energy for the body
Flip
an example of two incomplete protein foods eaten together to produce a high quality complete protein meal is?
red beans and rice
Flip
cooking an egg changes its physical properties by
denaturation
Flip
fatty acids that are most solid and least liquid at room temperature would have ______ double bonds
zero
Flip
the recommended amount of protein for the average healthy adult is ____ g/kg body weight?
0.8
Flip
current daily dietary recommendations for individual with heart disease risk include all of the following except
less than 10% of kcal from saturated fat
Flip
anaerobic metabolism is limited to using which fuel for energy production?
carbs
Flip
the type of fatty acid recommended at up to 15% of total kcal because of its heart healthiness is?
monosaturated fats
Flip
a body builder who is increasing muscle mass is in a ____ state and in ______ nitogen balance
anabolic / positive
Flip
a person with BMI of 24 falls into what mortality risk classification?
low risk
Flip
most of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced during which metabolic process?
catabolism
Flip
once dietary fat reaches the liver it may be packed into ____ and released back into the blood
VLDLs
Flip
risk of heart disease is increased as the blood level of this lipoprotein increases
LDL
Flip
foods containing hydrogenating fats have the advantage of ___
increased shelf life
Flip
which component is the largest contributor to total energy expenditure for typical American?
basal energy expenditure
Flip
the most prevalent type of lipids in the diet
triglycerides
Flip
the average percent of total body weight that is water in normal adults is?
50-75
Flip
the best breakfast choice for an individual concerned about eating adequate levels of dietary nutrients would be?
fortified breakfast cereal
Flip
toxicity and related health consequences are of most concern for which of the following
vitamin A
Flip
which of the following nutrients found in fortified milk works with calcium in building and mineralizing bone
vitamin D
Flip
antioxidants prevent the damage to cell membranes caused by?
free radicals
Flip
Gradual demineralization of bone over a period of years in adults results in
Osteoporosis
Flip
A drop in blood pressure triggers rennin released by the kidneys and the production of?
Angiotensin
Flip
three nutrients closely associated with decreasing homocysteine levels in blood and reduced heart disease risk are?
folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12
Flip
the hypothalamus land in the brain signals the pituitary gland to release ADH when?
blood sodium rises
Flip
rickets, osteomalacia, bone demineralization, sun exposure is important source, supplements may be needed?
vitamin D
Flip
produced by gut flora, important for blood clotting and bone formation, interferes with blood thinning medications?
vitamin K
Flip
vital for night vision and integrity of epithelial tissues, toxicity is a concern, especially related medications for acne is pregnant?
vitamin A
Flip
antioxidant function in protecting cell membranes from free radical damage,vegetable oils are good sources
vitamin E
Flip
the body component with the highest percentage of water is found in?
skeletal muscle
Flip
the balance or homeostasis, of intracellular and extracellular fluid is controlled mainly by the level of?
electrolytes
Flip
the fat soluble vitamins include?
topherols, quinones, retinal, calcitriol
Flip
vegans living at northern latitude should consume foods fortified with ____ to prevent likely deficiencies?
vitamin B12 and vitamin D
Flip
consuming a large amount of which of the following nutrients is harmless, but could turn skin color orange
beta carotene
Flip
the FDA standards for enrichment of refined grain products include the nutrients...
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and folate
Flip
the B vitamins share a common coenzyme function by participating in
energy metabolism
Flip
peak bone mass is thought to typically occur by age ?
30
Flip
all the following are functions of water except?
carry fat soluble substances without the aid of other substances
Flip
which of the following statements is not true for the water soluble vitamins?
water soluble vitamins are generally stored for use over long periods of time
Flip
iodized salt, an example of fortification, helps lower the incidents of?
goiter
Flip
intrinsic factor necessary for absorption, megablastic, anemia and nerve damage with deficiency, cobalamin
vitamin B12
Flip
widely distributed in foods, activates CHO metabolism
panthothenic acid
Flip
beriberi, important for the metabolism of carbohydrates and energy. pork is good source
thiamin
Flip
need increases with protein intake, vital for amino acid metabolism, toxicity causes neurological symptoms
vitamin B-6
Flip
pellegra 4Ds with deficiency, typtophan, needed to get energy from CHO, protein and fat.
niacin
Flip
synthesized in the colon, adds a CO2 in reactions, in raw eggs
biotin
Flip
megoblastic anemia, causes neural defects, in green leafy vegetables and OJ, THFA
folate
Flip
cofactor for energy metabolism, destroyed by light, milk is a good source, causes glossitis and chelosis
riboflavin
Flip
citrus and green leafy vegetables, an antioxidant, helps collagen
vitamin C
Flip
having 2400 kcal a day needs a minimum of ______ml of fluid a day.
2400
Flip
the main route most american extrete fluid?
urine
Flip
enhances insulin function and may relate to type 2 diabetes
chromium
Flip
deficiency causes hypochromic, microcytic anemia and fatigue. hemochromotosis is toxicity
iron
Flip
cofactor for many enzymes for gene regulations and night visions, deficiency causes no appetite
zinc
Flip
an antioxidant to protect against lipid peroxidation, keshan disease
selenium
Flip
works with iron, electron transport system, iron transport
copper
Flip
good for bones and teeth, helps osteoporosis, in water
fluoride
Flip
essential for hormones that regulate BMR and body temperature, thyroid hormones
iodine
Flip
what is a good source of iron because it has heme and non heme iron?
hamburgers!
Flip
main cations in extracellular and intracellular fluid
sodium and potassium
Flip
when blood calcium level drops,
calcium is stored in the bone and released to the blood stream
Flip
calcium partners with _____ for bones and teeth, helps in blood clotting and muscle contraction
vitamin D
Flip
related to improved blood pressure, best in fruits and vegetables
potassium
Flip
important for control of fluid balance, excess causes hypertension and osteoporosis
sodium
Flip
in stomach acid and causes prolonged vomiting with low levels
choloride
Flip
Hydroxyapatite in bone, milk and soft drinks are a good source, barely any risk for deficiency at all.
phosphorus
Flip
glucagon
increases glucose levels in the blood
Flip
insulin
lowers blood glucose levels
Flip
benefits of breastfeeding
for infant, optimal nutrition, composition ideal for infant mother, reduces uterus size
Flip
Simple Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides = glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides = sucrose, lactose, maltose
Flip
difference between aerobic/anaerobic metabolism?
Aerobic metabolism occurs IN the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic metabolism occurs WITHOUT the presence of oxygen.
Flip
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
the sum of energy expenditure through REE, physical activity, and TEF
Flip
( 1 of 142 )
Upgrade to remove ads
Login

Join to view and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?