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Chapter 11
Glacier |
Thick mass of ice that originates on land from the accumulation, compaction and recrystallization of snow |
Valley (Alpine) |
snow accumulates at high altitude, flow as a stream of ice down the valley |
Continental |
Lager scale, 2 major sheets on Earth over Greenland and Antarctica, ice flows out in all directions from one or more snow accumulation centers |
Ice Caps |
Glaciers that cover uplands and plateaus |
Exit Glaciers |
Valley glaciers or ice caps that flow into the oceans |
How glacial ice forms |
1. Starts as snow
2. Air infiltrates snow, evaporating edges causing snowflakes to become smaller
3. More snow accumulates, forcing air out. Snow recrystalizes into dense mass
|
Zone of accumulation |
area where snow accumulates and turns into ice |
Firnline |
above this line snow will survuve until next winter |
Ablation |
amount of ice and snow lost from a glacier |
Glacial Erosion |
Plucking- lifting rocks off of the valley floor and transporting them with the ice
Abrasion- rocks that are within the ice scrape along the ground smoothing surface below |
Alpine Glacial features |
Cirques (bowl), , U-shaped valleys, Hanging Valleys, Moraines, Fjords, Crevasses |
Continental Glacial Features |
Drumlins, Eskers, Kettles |
Causes of Ice Ages |
Plate tectonics, Variations in earth's orbit, Variations in earth's atmosphere, Changes in the albedo, Changes in ocean currents |