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CHEM 1211K: STUDY GUIDE
C2H302 |
Acetate |
2 |
di
|
3 |
tri |
4
|
tetra |
5 |
penta |
6 |
hexa |
7
|
hepta |
8 |
octa |
CO3 |
Carbonate |
HCO3
|
Bicarbonate |
OH |
Hydroxide
|
NO3 |
Nitrate
|
NO2 |
Nitrite |
CrO4 |
Chromate |
CrO7 |
Dichromate
|
NH4 |
Ammonium |
ClO |
Hypochlorite |
ClO2
|
Chlorite
|
ClO3 |
Chlorate |
ClO4
|
Perchlorate
|
SO4
|
Sulfate
|
SO3
|
Sulfite |
HSO3
|
Bisulfite (Hydrogen Sulfite)
|
HSO4
|
Bisulfate (Hydrogen Sulfate)
|
HSO3 |
Sulfurous Acid
|
Acetate |
C2H3O2 |
Carbonate |
CO32 |
Hydrogen Carbonate
|
HCO3 |
Hydroxide |
OH |
Nitrate |
NO3 |
Nitrite |
NO2 |
Chromate
|
CrO42 |
Dichromate
|
Cr2O72-
|
Ammonium
|
NH4 |
Hypochlorite
|
ClO |
Chlorite |
ClO2 |
Chlorate |
ClO3-
|
Perchlorate |
ClO4 |
Sulfate
|
SO42-
|
Sulfite |
SO32-
|
Hydrogen Sulfate
|
HSO4-
|
Hydrogen Sulfite
|
HSO3-
|
Borate |
BO33-
|
Borate |
BO33-
|
Silicate |
SiO32-
|
Phosphate
|
PO43-
|
Aresenate
|
AsO43-
|
Selenate |
SeO42-
|
Bromate
|
BrO3 |
Tellurate
|
TeO42-
|
Iodate |
IO3 |
Atom |
Submicroscopic particles
Fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter
|
Molecules
|
Two or more atoms attached together via bonds
ex. H--O--H ; H--H
|
Hemoglobin |
oxygen carrying molecule in red blood cells
|
Chemistry
|
The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules
|
Law of Conservation of Mass
|
"In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed"
|
Matter |
Anything that has mass and occupies space
|
States of Matter
|
Solid(fixed volume rigid shape)
-Crystalline(arranged in patters(3D) ex. diamond)
-Amorphous(no reglar pattern ex. charcoal)
Liquid(fixed volume but no fixed shape)
Gas(compressible; always assume shape and volume of their container)
|
Pure Substance
|
Composed of only one type of atom or molecule
Element: cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances (ex. Au)
Compund: substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions (ex. H--H)
|
Mixture |
composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules .
Homogeneous: Uniform composition b/c the atoms or molecules that compose them mix uniformly(Ex. Sweet Tea)
Heterogenous: form distinct regions b/c their atoms or molecules separate(Wet sand)
|
Physical Property
|
One that a substance displays without changing its composition. (Ex. Water boiling)
|
Chemical Property
|
One that a substance displays only by changing its composition via chemical change. (Ex. Iron atoms--Iron oxide(rust))
|
Intensive Properties
|
Independent of the amount of the substance
(Ex. The density of Al doesn't change according to the amount of the substance)
|
Extensive Properties
|
Dependent on the amount of the substance
(Ex. Mass)
|
Law of Definite Proportions
|
All samples of a given compound,regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their consitituent elements.
|
Law of Multiple Proportions
|
When two elements (call them A & B) form two different compounds, the masses of elements B that combine with 1 g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.
|
Anions |
negatively charged ions
|
Cations |
positively charged ions
|
Metals
|
found on lower left an middle of Periodic table
-good conductors of heat & electricity
-malleability
-ductility
-shiny
-tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes
|
Non Metals
|
found on upper right side of Periodic table
-some are solids at room temp. others liquids/gasses
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-tend to gain electrons when they undergo chemical changes
|
Metalloids (semiconductors)
|
Show mixed properties; lie across the zig zag line
-intermediate and highly temperature dependent electrical conductivity
|
Main-group Elements
|
tend to be largely predictable based on their position on the periodic table
|
Transition elements/metals
|
tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the periodic table.
|
Noble Gases
|
are most un-reactive
|
Alkali Metals
|
re all reactive metals
|
Alkaline earth metals
|
Fairly reactive
|
Halogens |
Very reactive non metals
|
Mole (Avagadros Number)
|
6.0221421 *10^23 particles
|
Ionic Bond
|
-metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them.
**oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces
|
Covalent Bond
|
-Nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal, neither atom transfers its electron to the other.
**Instead some electrons are SHARED between the two bonding atoms
|