BIOL 2300: EXAM 2
53 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
legionella
|
a pathogenic group of gram negative bacteria, includes L species, causes pneumonia type illness
|
|
Purple Sulfur Bacteria
|
-Anaerobic or microaerophillic often found in hot springs
-capapable of photosynthesis
-do not use water as reducing agent, so cannot produce oxygen.
|
|
Green Sulfur Bacteria
|
-non motile and spherical rods and spirals - lack flagella
-family of obligate anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria
-use hydrogen sulfide as source of electrons
|
|
trypanosoma
|
contains large number of parasitic species with wild and domesticated animals (African sleeping sickness)
|
|
Rhizobia
|
soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root modules of legumes
|
|
bdellovibrio
|
-a genus of gram-negative obligate aerobic bacteria.
-members parasitize other gram-negative bacteria by entering into their peirplasmic space and feeding on the biopolymers
|
|
trichomoniasis
|
-common cause of vaginitis
-STD caused by single celled protozoan parasite
|
|
methanogen
|
microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions (classified as archaea)
|
|
lactobacillus
|
a genus of gram positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophillic rod-shaped bacteria
|
|
cyanobacteria
|
-gram-negative oxygenic phototrophs
-genetically related to chloroplasts
-undergo nitrogen fixation-in thick walled heterocyst
-a division of microorganisms that are related to the bacteria but are capable of photosynthesis.
-they are prokaryotic and represent the earliest known lif…
|
|
E. Coli
|
gram- negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms
|
|
Plasmodium
|
-a genus of parasitic protozoa
-infection with this genus is known as malaria
|
|
Saccharomyces
|
a genus in the kingdom of fungi that includes many species of yeast
|
|
Dinoflagellate
|
- a large group of flagellate protists
-most are maize plantation, but they are common in fresh water habitats as well
|
|
sulfur oxidizer
|
-oxidize reduced inorganic compounds to sulfuric acid
-lithotrophic sulfur oxidizer use the energy obtained from oxidation for microbial growth
|
|
CPropionibacterium
|
-Gram- positive, rod shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism
-able to synthesize propionic acid by using transcarboxylase enzymes
|
|
Pseudomonas Aeroginosa
|
A gram-negative, rod-shaped, agporoyenous, and monoflagellated bacterium that has incredible nutritional versatility
|
|
agrobacterium
|
a genus of gram-negative bacteria that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants
|
|
myxobacteria
|
gram-negative, eubacteria that predominantly live in the soil and feed on insoluble organic substances
|
|
streptomycetes
|
-gram-positive and have genomes with high GC content
-the largest genus of actinobacteria and type of genus of the family
|
|
clostridium
|
-gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, belonging to the firmicutes.
-They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores.
|
|
Aerobic Respiration
|
requires oxygen
|
|
Anaerobic Respiration
|
use other inorganic molecules
|
|
Fermentation
|
-partial oxidation of glucose
-uses pyruvate / derivative/ other organic molecules as electron acceptor
|
|
Chemolithotrophs
|
-obtain energy by reducing inorganic chemicals as source of energy
-generated ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
-doesn't require external carbon source
-produce organic carbon from an inorganic source through positive fixation
|
|
Sterilization
|
eliminates all microbes
|
|
disinfection
|
eliminates most/all pathogens
|
|
sanitization
|
substantially reduces microbial population to meet health standards
|
|
preservation
|
process used to delay spoilage of perishable items
|
|
pasteurization
|
-brief heat treatment used to reduce organisms that cause food spoilage
-doesn't sterilize, but significantly reduces organisms
-used to increase shelf life of food
|
|
Chlorine
|
generally used to disinfect water
|
|
Autoclave
|
sterilization through pasteurized steam
|
|
incineration
|
-method of dry heat sterilization
-oxidizes cells to ashes
-results in sterile loop
|
|
filtration
|
-used for heat-sensitive fluids
-membrane filters allow liquid to flow through
|
|
Deep filtration
|
trap microbes using electrical charges
|
|
Radiation
|
shorter the wave length, higher frequency, meaning more energy
|
|
ionizing radiation
|
-causes damage to DNA
-used to sterilize medical equipment
-some endospores are resistant
|
|
UV Radiation
|
-non ionizing
-damages DNA causing thymine dimers
-used to destroy microbes in air/ drinking water
|
|
UV Radiation limitations
|
-poor penetrating power
-thin films/ coverings can limit effect
|
|
Phenolics (Carbonic Acid)
|
-one of earliest disinfectants
-active ingredient in lysol
-destroys plasma membrane
|
|
Quaternary ammonium composite (QUATS)
|
-cationic detergents, nontoxic
-used to disinfect food preparation surfaces
-reduces surface tension
-not effective on endospores
|
|
Aldehydes
|
destroy organisms by inactivating proteins and DNA
|
|
formalin
|
-solution made from formaldehyde
-used for specimen preservation
|
|
ethylenoxide
|
-useful gas sterilant
-destroys microbes including endospores and viruses
-reacts with proteins
-useful in sterilizing heat/moisture sensitive items
|
|
Purple Non Sulfur Bacteria
|
-use organic source of electrons for reduction
-aerobic growth
|
|
Catabolism
|
reactions that produce engery
|
|
Anabolism
|
reactions that require energy to produce catabolic reactions
|
|
How are Catabolism and Anabolism related?
|
ATP made in catabolism reaction is used in anabolic reactions to make subunits like amino acids.
|
|
Protists
|
-microscopic, unicellular
-do not do photosynthesis
-essential decomposer
-both asexual and sexual reproduction
-replication through binary fission
|
|
Fungi
|
-major decomposer
-grown well in slightly acidic environment
-cell wall consists of chitin
-mycoses- fungi growing in/ on body
|
|
Algae
|
-contains membrane bound nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall, flagella
-reproduce through binary fission
-undergoes mitosis
|
|
Lichens
|
evolutionary product of fungi and photosynthetic organisms
|
|
Mycorrhizae
|
-symbiosis with roots of plants
-increase absorption of roots
-allows plants to sustain and grown in dry climates.
|
BIOL 2300: EPIDEMIOLOGY (EXAM ONE)