11 Cards in this Set
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Argeuement
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An argument is a set of statements, one or more of which, called premises, are offered in support of another statement, called the conclusion.
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What is the difference between an argument and an assertion?
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An assertion is simply a claim or statement. An argument shows that something is true.
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What is the difference between an argument and an explanation?
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An argument aims to show that something is true. An explanation's goal is to show why an argument is true.
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What is the difference between deductive and inductive arguments?
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Deductive intends to guarantee the truth of the conclusion.
Inductive shows that the conclusion is likely to be true. (no guarantee)
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What is a valid argument?
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Argument in which if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.
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What is a sound argument?
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A valid argument with all true premises.
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What is the difference between descriptive statements and normative statements?
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Normative describes how things ought (not) to be, descriptive describes how things are.
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What are moral arguments? What do they need to succeed? Why?
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An argument for a moral claim needs at least one premise to be a moral claim to support moral conclusion.
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In general, there are only two ways to criticize an argument. What are they?
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1. Show a premise is false (attack the premise).
2. Show that premises fail to support conclusion.
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What is the difference between positive rights and negative rights?
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Positive rights are positive obligations for others to do certain things for you or provide you with certain rights. Negative rights are negative obligations for others to refrain from doing certain things for you.
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What is the difference between positive obligations and negative obligations?
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Positive obligations are obligations that we are obligated to carry out; such as taking care of a newborn child.
Negative obligations are obligations where we refrain from particular actions; such as hitting infants or any other related action.
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PHI 2630: TEST 1