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POLS 103: TEST 2
is the issue with russia and the ukraine a war?
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no, but is voilent
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what is in conflict b/w russia and ukraine?
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ethnic groups
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relevant actors for conflict in russia and ukraine
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-russia(history/domestic politics)
-ukraine(why list above ukraine)
-NATO/USA(why list them together?)
-Germany/EU (same actor?)
-Poland/Baltic states
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russia provides who with a lot of weapons
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syria
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who put sanctions on russia and why
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usa/eu put sanctions on russia for crimea/ukraine
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usa/eu put sanctions on russia for crimea/ukraine
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no, because you need smart sanctions. you cant stop buying energy from russia bc ppl need energy. need "smart sanctions" |
an effective sanction would
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economically hurt russia
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Political argument (sanction)
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To protest/punish unacceptable political behaviors.
Problems: can hurt ourselves more than them.
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russian policy in ukraine effects
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-venezuelan domestic politics (oil prices)
-iranian nuclear program (oil prices; russia)
-US space program/NASA
-next dutch election(MH17)-ukraine shot down airline with dutch something in it
-syrian civil war/ISIS (russia provides syria w lots of weapons..etc)
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who is the prime minister of pakistan
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Nawas Sharif
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what does pakistan have that worries the US
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nuclear weapons
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pakistan is
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fundamentalist
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Pakistan
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-has many ethnicities
-history
-conflict (india;afghanistan;US)
-governance problems(1st ever civilian transfer of power was to sharif)
-civil-military issues(army tosses out govt b/c dont like policies)
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civil military affairs of pakistan
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-when military is political actor, and ignores political (civilian) leadership)
-in countries w less history of democracy
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pakistan demographics
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-fragile democracy
-state since 1947
-muslim (Sunni)
-if world is ever in nuclear war it would prob involve pakistan
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detroits issue
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-city that runs their own water supply
-but when people don't pay for their water, they dont cut them off
-now theyre in debt
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globalization: why is detroit bankrupt?
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changes in global economic problems
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detroits water commision
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-water as a human right
-creative destruction
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What type of problem is going on in Japan
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-japans government shuffling around a bunch of cabinet officials
--different types of democracies
-economy is NOT doing well
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why isnt japans economy doing well?
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-GDP shrinking
-exports and income down
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who has been elected to solve japans economic problems
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Shinzo Abe
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wage stagflation
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wages flat for pretty much everyone past few years
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stagnant |
stagflation |
scotland deals with issues of
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-globalization/size
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what was scotland voting for
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independence from the UK
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why do they want to be independent?
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-practical voting patterns
----tend to vote labour(democratic) party which UK is more conservative
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issue of nationalism in scotland
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-nation vs. state
-people seeking self governance
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what is foreign exchange
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when people buy/sell (trade) currencies from different countries
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two systems of foreign exchange
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fixed or floating
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fixed
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-easier to describe but harder to do
-(for every pound there is one american dollar 1:1 ratio)
-government decides
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floating
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-harder to describe, easier to do
-scarier for smaller countries
-market decides price of currency
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link between scotland and globalization
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-is the canary in the coal mine
-other regions expressed interest in becoming independent now (trigger)
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globalization definition
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-process by which global economic forces are drawing the world into one global economy
-non-economic effects of economic activity (effects on politics, society, security, environment....)
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globalization: mechanism
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underlying economic logic
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strong currencies (globalization)
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-good for people buying imported beer, not good for people buying beer made in US
-irrelevant for everyone else
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weak currency (globalization)
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great for people buying things in US, not good for imported things
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what is necessary for globalization to function efficiently
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-free trade
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ISIS is a ______ problem not a ________ problem
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political, not military
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states involved in Syria/Iraq/ISIS
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-iraq,syria
-iran
-saudi arabia
-turkey
-us
-russia
-isreal
-NATO/UN
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Non-states involved in ISIS
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-ethnic groups in iraq
-Assad Government (head of syria)
-rebel groups in syria
-ISIS, al-qaeda
-sunni fundamentalists in saudi arabia
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ISIS and al-qaeda are both
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sunni groups in iraq
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groups in iraq
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sunni (20%)
kurds
shiite
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ISIS is a rebel group fighting against
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assad govt
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precipitating events to isis
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syrian civil war and us withdrawal from iraq
-earlier-us invasion of arab spring
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in order to fight isis, what must america do?
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build up iraqi government, which could potentially hurt us in the future
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what 2 groups is ISIS actually?
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-fundamentalist sunni terrorists
-anti-shiite Iraqis
-------not necessarily united
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US's dilemma w ISIS/Syria
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-helping rebels(get rid of Assad) helps ISIS
-Fighting ISIS helps Assad
-doing nothing helps ISIS grow
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mechanism- what is globalization?
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-liberal economics
-capitalism at the international level "laissex faire"
-b/w sovereign states
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comparative advantage
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-idea that individual states have some intrinsic advantage over other states and if each state found what they do better than others and do it, everyone benefits
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how do you know what your comparative advantage is?
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-global market
-walmart example
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why do we care about globalization
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-morality
-security
-economics
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what is free trade
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movement of goods and services across international borders without change in price
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protection
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protecting home market from foreign competition
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why would states tax foreign goods, even if it would make them more expensive/distort markets?
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politics: national security and domestic politics
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non taxes:
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change price on foreign made good
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non taxes factors
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-quotas
-subsidies
-regulations
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subsidies
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-ways govt gets involved with marketplace- actually changes prive
-govt is actually paying for part of manufactured good
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regulations |
-good for political reasons
-(govt set rules- vary from market to market
-have direct effect of marketplace
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liberal economics (the systems) only works if
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-trade is free
-if states put up barriers, then system becomes inefficient and process arise
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all states have
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NTBs- non-tariff barriers
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NTBs are a part of
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domestic politics
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globalization is more about ______ than ______
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political issues rather than economic
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things you need for economic system to work
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-comparative advantage
-specialization
-free trade
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globalization is one word
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interdependence
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capitalism does disrupt
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-politics
-society
-culture
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arguments on effect polarity has on war and stability
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1.multipolarity causes war
2.multipolarity causes peace
3.bipolarity causes war
4.bipolarity causes peace
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multipolarity causes war
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lots of powerful states, lots of interactions, alliances form, war happens EX: WWI
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multipolarity causes peace
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lots of states mean lots of alliance combinations, so easier to balance EX: concert of europe 1814-1900
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bipolarity causes war
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fixed "sides" focus misunderstanding and hostility, easy to create conflict EX: cold war
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bipolarity causes peace
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clear sides, clear for other states to act to balance the two sides EX also cold war
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why do states want hegemons? (china)
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-being big means you worry less about people invading
-their military has grown as economy has: big states=big military
-china perceives a direct military threat to them BY the usa
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most of theorists on great powers are
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realists
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offensive realism
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-big powers always get into conflict
-close in proximity-must fight for their own security
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historical proof of offensive realism
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-all wars in europe and cold war didn turn into a war
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defensive realism
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technology has effect
-when technology has effect you see more wars bw great powers
-when technology gives advcantage to defense, (easier to protect than to invade) you see more peace)
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historical proof of defensive realism
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castles and nuclear weapons (defensive) kept the peace; mass armies, tank, artillery,(offensive) led to war
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how much of the worls GNP comes from china?
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20%
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two level games (basic info)
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-international
-domestic
-have to agree on both levels
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economic costs: global climate change
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-people like to live near water
-less arable land
-health costs
-ex: drought in cali-more wildfires
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security threat: global climate change
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-movement of people
-potential conflict over land
-potential conflict over water
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-economic benefits/costs-winners and losers (liberals)
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---denser cities/better infrastructure
---less particulate emissions/better health
---increased efficiency
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what liberals say: global climate change
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-montreal protocol
-economic benefits/costs-winners and losers
-wait longer, costs of changing increases
-large incentive for defection
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chances of a response (realist): global climate change
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-kyoto protocol(us didnt ratify)
-no firm commitments
-no immediate threat
-chance of long term cooperation is low
-high upfront costs,long term payoff
-if u make reforms and other states dont your relative power declines
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climate change at the international level
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-diverse states need to make credible commitments
-need assurances will be able to commit at domestic level
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climate change at the domestic level
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-winners and losers
-need public support
-need support of business
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where is ebola outbreak
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-west africa
---guinea
---sierra lione/liberia
---nigeria/senegal
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realist chances of a response (ebola)
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-concrete and immediate threat, even realist may say there is cooperation
security threat- liberias stability, economic damage
-states w resources are less threatened
-greater chance of repsonse than climate change
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liberals chances of a response (ebola)
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-polio
-concrete and immediate threat
-potential cost of inaction is high
-still have problem of defection
-states w resources to deal w threat are far
-WHO (branch of UN)
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pros of globalization
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-if everyone trades, everyone gets rich
-non-economic benefits
-better economics bc of creative destruction
-markets work
-states have "won" in globalization by having stability, institutions, and structural reform
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pros of globalization (summary)
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-innovation
-productivity
-standards of living improve(as prices fall)
-superior economic performance rewards certain ideologies and political organizations with survival
-peace
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cons of globalization
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-economic displacement(specialization)-who pays
-since labor cant move-forces down wages
-economic development
-convergence
-diff norms
-all states economic practices must look alike
-govt policy options reduced
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terrorism definition
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use of force by a non-state actor against civilians in order to get policy change by govt of those civilians
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do states do terrorism?
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no |
can states use terrorist tactics on their own people?
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yes |
war: state vs. state
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recognize political entity using uniformed militaries to seek political change
-war is part of political process
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civil war/revolution
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-violence bw state and own population
-insurgency attacks elements of the states itself rather than population which is terrorism
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political objectives of al-qaeda
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1.west out of arabia
2.want isreal out of jerusalem
3.non-arab cultures out of all islamic areas
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us is primary source of
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-west in arabia
-non arab culture in islamic areas
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al qaeda moved from hierarchical organization to
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network- hubs of people
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since death of bin laden, networking system moved to
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franchise system
-local/domestic claim allegiance to al-qaeda
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tragedy of the commons
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resources tend to be owned by individual states, but costs are shared by everyone
-pollution goes everywhere
-fish stocks arent allowed by single state
-global warming
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libyans issue w legitimacy
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-how to implement govt after revolution?? cannot agree
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two basic democracy systems
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parliamentary
-presidential |
parliament and presidential systems have different ways to
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translate voting into political authority
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us presidential systems
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-clear districts for each congressman
-whoever wins district represents those ppl
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presidential is a _________________ system
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winner-takes-all
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how does parliament distribute political authority
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according to percentage votes that each party gets
-if party gets 30% votes they get 30% of seats in legislature
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effects of parliamentary systems
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-creates systems w lots of parties
-tends to raise election turnout
-tends to result in coalition govt
-have single election -vote for party you want to see run country
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prime ministers vs presidents
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-presidents dont need their party (but do need party to pass legislation)
-prime minister need their party (they can be removed any time party wants to remove them)
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who are more public with their speeches?
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presidents |
you can have parlimentary systems that:
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-have no districts(whole country=district)
-has districts
-has both a district (winner take all) and a whole-country percentage vote by party system(germany)
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USA highlights two districts:
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congressional and state
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Political coalition
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A group of interests or organizations that join forces for the purpose of electing public officials
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Hollande is a ________ and believes
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-french socialist=believe in bog gov and markets have too much power and need to be controlled
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Valls wants to
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increase competitiveness: -make it easier to hire/fire workers
-reduce bureaucracy in companies
-companies dont have to pay as high on taxes on overtime work as they used to
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valls and hollande trying to increase_________ but this means
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-economic growth
-difficulties for french workers
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argentina's prob opposite than france:
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-high inflation(40%)
-declining currency
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political coercion
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the use of force, violence,and other elements of harm compel actors to submit to the will of other actors.
ex. military, schools, workplace, hospitals, and construction sites
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