COMM 316: TEST #2
53 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
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What is language?
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A system of shared symbols by a group of people. two most widely spoken languages: Mandarin Chinese and English
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Phonology
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The study of the sound system of language. The way words are pronounced and sound
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Semantics
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The study of meaning--that is how words communicate a message. Ex. Some people call a winter hat a toboggin and others call a toboggin a sled.
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Syntactics
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Rules to combining words into meaningful sentences Ex: The red car hit the blue car...is different that "the blue car hit the red car".
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Pragmatics (Meaning)
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Context of a word or sentence. A non-native speaker of English may reply to "Do you know what time is it?", with only "yes." not realizing this is not the correct response.
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The "Power" Effects of Labels
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- How we refer to others who are different from us. Can be mis-representative and can represent class (social structure)
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cultural differences in language
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speaking vs writing
face to face vs written communication
- getting away from the written skills, but rely more on the written communication through technology
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high context
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Most of the message is physical. emphasis direct message without directly stating it
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Low context
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Majority of meaning and info in the verbal message.
Most valued in US
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Code switching
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We may change communication style for another culture. Changing from one language/ comm style to another.
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Indirect
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conflict should be avoided
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direct
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conflict is a good thing and should be approached head on
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elaborated
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rich language, many metaphorical expressions.
ex: in some cultures simple answers "yes" or no arent enough. If host asks if you're still hungry you can't simply say "No", you must say "I am very full! I feel like I'm going to burst."
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Understated
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Silence is valued.
"If you can't say anything good, don't say anything at all."
Amish people usually use this style of comm
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What is Linguistics?
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The study of Language
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Third culture style
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People from different cultures can create a style that is unlike either of native cultures
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argot
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code language outsiders dont understand
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Multilingual
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Speaking more than 2 languages
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interlanguage
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type of communication emerges when native speakers of one language are overlapping into another language
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Translation
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process of producing a written text that refers to something said in another language.
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Interpretation
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Refers to the process of verbally expressing what is said in another language.
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Non-verbal comm
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Comm through means other than verbal language
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Non-verbal vs. verbal
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Both meaning, symbolic, patterned
Depend on context/situation
Non-verbal- learned unconsciously, not formally taught (harder to correct)
verbal- easier to correct
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Learning non-verbal beh
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Often learned by watching and mimicking other
-can learn/ adapt new ways
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Coordinating non-verbal (reinforce)
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Verbal/non-v= verbal match
Ex: Smiling when saying I am so happy for you
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Coord. non-verbal (substitute)
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Using non-verb instead of verbal.
Ex: When asked if everything is okay, you reply with a nod.
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Non-verb comm. Relational messages
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Our feelings toward another person
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Non-v comm. Status
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Position in social system
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Non-v comm Deception
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Deceiving other if you're good at pretending
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Paralinguistics
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Vocal beh (not words)
Volume-tone of voice
expresses emotions.
Includes Parawords "filler words" (like, um, uh,)
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Personal space
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Territory of space between ourselves and others (our personal bubble)
Contact cultures like close distances "normal"
Non-contact cultures- maintain distance
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Eye contact
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To regulate distance
more eye contact= > perceived closeness
respect/status
signal talking turns
Valued in US
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Facial Expression
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Emotion.
Majority of emo can be viewed by facial exp.
Harder to control
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Gestures
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Arm movements
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Emblems
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Specific verbal translations
"nodding for yes"
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Illustrators
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Go along with speech.
"clapping when excited... or directions by pointing"
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Regulators
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Control conversation
"putting finger to lip to indicate silence"
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Adaptors
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Managing emotion
tapping pencil when bored
twirling hair when nervous
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Chronemics
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Study of time in non-verb. comm
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Monochronic
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Time is linear (lost or gained) exists or doesnt
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Polychronic
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Hollistic/circular. Always time later.
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Neighborhood
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Living space influenced by similar ID (ethnic ect..)
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Regionalism
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larger scale cult space (east coast/west coast)
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Cyberspace
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Online culture space
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Traveling
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Visiting new culture can influence return/ can bring back culture
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Migration
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moving to new culture.
can be intentional/force
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Dynamic cultural space
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People are More transcient
We changing spaces more often now due to increased transportation ability
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Mono time
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One thing at a time
task oriented
schedule
value punctionality
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Poly time
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Doing many things at once
appt. are flex.
time is less tangiable
people are more important than schedules
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Pop culture "mainstream"
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Cultural activities/ products reflecting, suited or aimed at taste of general masses of people.
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3 ways pop culture is advertised
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1.media-magazines..ect
2.entertainment- new technologies (apple) ect
3. Music- for a profit (focus on general masses)
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4 characteristics of pop culture
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1. Produced by cultural industries (capital system)- bought/sold
2. Is different than folk cultures(which isnt driven by $)... where rituals maintain membership, not making $
3. is everywhere- school, gym,ect but we have some choice of our consumption
4. fulfills a social fx, reveals …
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Video notes from ted-talks on Arab worl
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Compares American "barbie: with Arab "fulla:. Talks about new tv show 4Shabab- wants people to be inspired to live life better via music, The 99- Islam superheros rescue from neg images "borrowed from AM. culture"
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