CHINA’S REGIONAL ENERGY-INTENSITY ISSUESIMPORTANT PHENOMENA IN CHINAENERGY-INTENSITY SELECTED COUNTRIES,1980-2003 ENERGY-INTENSITY SELECTED COUNTRIES, 1980-2005CHINA ELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONCHINA ELECTRICITY GENERATION, 2006CHINA COAL CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY REGULATORY STRUCTURE ESTIMATED COAL RESERVES IN CHINA SPATIAL IMBALANCE COAL AND ELECTRICITYENERGY CONSUMPTION BY TYPE IN CHINA, 1978-2005CHINA COAL CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION, 1995-2005CHINA COAL IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, 1991-2005 (I)COAL CONSUMPTION AND GDP WORLD, USA, AND CHINA, 1980-2004ECONOMIC SECTORS RANKED BY COAL INTENSITY, 2000 Coal Mine, Coke-Plant, and Consumer DataCHINA STEEL PRODUCTIONInvestment-Policy Implications for ChinaTEEH CHAIN IN CHINAMIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu 11.481J / 1.284J / ESD.192J Analyzing and Accounting for Regional Economic Growth Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.Multiregional Planning Team, MITCHINA’S REGIONAL ENERGY-INTENSITY ISSUESProfessor Karen R. PolenskeMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyImages courtesy of the Balanço Energético Nacional, Ministério de Minas e Energia do Brasil.Multiregional Planning Team, MITACKNOWLEDGMENTS We obtained production, consumption,employment, and other statistics from the officially published statistical yearbooks and several field surveys. Figures, tables, and photos are mainly from the book The Technology-Energy-Environment-Health (TEEH) Chain in China. We received partial funding for preparing this presentation from the BP seed grant as part of the MIT Energy Initiative. I sincerely thank ZHANG Xin, WU Ning, and Diana Jue for assistance in preparing the material and the powerpoint.Multiregional Planning Team, MITIMPORTANT PHENOMENAIN CHINA• Continuation of rapid Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increase (9-11% per year) • In 2004, 17.4% of global carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions• Large 67% energy-intensity (energy consumption per unit of GDP) decline from 1978-2004, but . . . • Largest global consumer of coal, coke, steel, and other energy-intensive productsMultiregional Planning Team, MITENERGY INTENSITY• Energy intensity is defined as energy consumption per yuan of gross domestic product •China can reduce its CO2emissions by reducing the coal consumption, thus mitigating negative climate-change impacts. •Latest (11th) five-year plan mandates reducing the national energy intensity by 20% by 2010 while maintaining GDP growth.Multiregional Planning Team, MITTHREE MEANS TO REDUCE ENERGY INTENSITY1. Reduce total energy consumption; 2. Switch from high to lower carbon fuels; 3. Introduce new technologies, especially in high energy-intensive sectors, such as power generation, cokemaking, iron and steel plants, thus increasing their energy efficiency.Multiregional Planning Team, MITENERGY-INTENSITY SELECTED COUNTRIES,1980-2003Notes: (1) GDP = gross domestic product, measured in 2000 US dollars. (2) Kgce = Kilograms of coal equivalent. (3) Units of energy consumption were converted from British thermal units to Kgce (1 million Btu=89 Kgce).Source: Compiled by the Multiregional Planning Research Team from Energy Information Administration (2005) data.0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.00198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003YearEnergy Intensity, kgce/constant2000 U.S. dollar GDPUnited StatesBrazilIranChinaIndiaMultiregional Planning Team, MITNotes: (1) GDP = gross domestic product, measured in 2000 US dollars. (2) Kgce = Kilograms of coal equivalent. (3) Units of energy consumption were converted from British thermal units to Kgce (1 million Btu=89 Kgce).Source: Compiled by the Multiregional Planning Research Team from Energy Information Administration (2007) data.00.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.8219801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005Kgce/constant 2000 US dollar GDPUnited StatesBrazilIranChinaIndiaENERGY-INTENSITY SELECTED COUNTRIES, 1980-2005Multiregional Planning Team, MITREGIONAL ENERGY-INTENSITY REDUCTION TARGET (2005-2010)Hainan - 12%TaiwanGuangdong-16%Guangxi-15%Yunnan-17%Sichuan-20%Tibet -12%Xinjiang -20%Gansu -20%Qinghai -17%Inner Mongolia -25%Heilongjiang-20%Jilin -30%Liaoning20%Beijing-20%Tianjin -20%Hebei-20%Shandong-22%Shanghai -20%Henan-20%Shaanxi-20%Hubei-20%Hunan-20%Guizhou-20%Chongqing-20%Zhejiang-20%Jiangsu-20%Anhui-20%Jiangxi-20%Fujian-16%Coastal total = -19.6%Inland total = -20.9%National = -20%Ningxia-20%Shanxi-25%Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.Multiregional Planning Team, MITTHE MOST AND LEAST ENERGY-INTENSIVE REGIONS IN CHINA, 1995-2004-1.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.001995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004YearEnergy IntensityNingxiaShanxiGuizhouQinghaiGansuZhejiangHainanGuangdongJiangsuFujianEnergy intensity (kilograms of coal equivalent/GDP)GDP = Gross Domestic Product, measured in thousand of 1995 yuan.Source: China Statistical Yearbook (1991-2005), China Energy Statistical Yearbook (1991-2005)Multiregional Planning Team, MITChina Electricity Production0%20%40%60%80%100%1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005Hydropower Thermal Power Nuclear PowerCHINA ELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONMultiregional Planning Team, MITChina's power generation breakdown, 2006Thermal,77.82%Hydro, 20.67%Nuclear, 1.10%Wind, 0.30%Others, 0.11%2006 Total Installed Capacity: 622 GWSource: SERC Annual Report 2006CHINA ELECTRICITY GENERATION, 2006Multiregional Planning Team, MITChina Coal Consumption by Usage0%20%40%60%80%100%1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005End-use Consumption Power GenerationHeating CokingGas ProductionLosses in Coal Washing and DressingCHINA COAL CONSUMPTIONSource: China State Statistical Bureau, 2007 Year 2005: 2.17 billion tonnesMultiregional Planning Team, MITELECTRICITY REGULATORY STRUCTUREHuaneng GroupDatang GroupHuadian GroupGuodian GroupElectricity Investment GroupElectricity Engineering Consulting GroupHydro-electricity Engineering Consulting GroupGezhouba GroupState GridChina Southern Power GridState GridChina Southern Power GridState Electricity Regulatory CommissionGENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTIONFigure by MIT OpenCourseWare.Multiregional Planning Team, MITOVERVIEW• Coal is China’s most important and abundant fuel, accounting for ~2/3rds of its primary energy supply; • China’s coal output rose from 1.3 billion tonnes in 2000 to 2.2 billion tonnes in 2005, making China the largest global coal producer;• In