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UMBC CMSC 104 - Operating Systems and Using Linux

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1Operating Systems and Using LinuxTopics What is an Operating System? Linux Overview Frequently Used Linux CommandsReadingNone.What is an Operating System(OS)? A computer program Performs many operations, such as: Allows you to communicate with thecomputer (tell it what to do) Controls access (login) to the computer Keeps track of all processes currentlyrunning At this point, your main concern is howto communicate with the computerusing the OSHow Do I Communicate With theComputer Using the OS?• You communicate using the particular OS’s user interface.• Graphical User Interface (GUI) - Windows• Command-driven interface - DOS, UNIX, Linux• We will be using the Linux operating system, which is very similar to UNIX.2How Do I Communicate With theComputer Using the OS? (cont.) When you log in to the Linux system here, a user prompt will bedisplayed: linux#[1]% _ where # is the number of the Linux server that you have connected to.You may use any of the Linux servers. The number in the brackets will change as you work. It is the“number” of the command that you are about to type. If this prompt is not on the screen at any time, you are notcommunicating with the OS.Linux Overview Files and Filenames Directories and Subdirectories Frequently Used CommandsFiles A file is a sequence of bytes. It can be created by a text editor (xemacs or pico) a computer program (such as a C program) It may contain a program, data, adocument, or other information . Files that contain other files are calleddirectories (sometimes called folders).3Linux Filenames Restrictions May not contain blanks or other reserved characters Have a maximum length Are case sensitive It is best to stick with filenames that containletters (uppercase or lowercase), numbers, andthe underscore ( _ ) for now. Project_1.cDirectories Directories contain files or other directories calledsubdirectories. They may also be empty. Directories are organized in a hierarchical fashion. They help us to keep our files organized.Directories (cont.)junkrecipes notescookiespies CMSC104apple peachchoc_chip/afs/umbc.edu/users/j/d/jdoe284Directories (cont.) Your home directory is where you are locatedwhen you log in /afs/umbc.edu/users/j/d/jdoe28 The current directory is where you arelocated at any time while you are using thesystem. Files within the same directory must be givenunique names. Paths allow us to give the same name todifferent files located in different directories. Each running program has a current directoryand all filenames are implicitly assumed to startwith the name of that directory unless theybegin with a slash.Subdirectories Are used for organizing your files For example, make a subdirectory for CMSC104 make subdirectories for each projectCMSC104Project_1Project_2Project_3Project_4Moving in the Directory Tree . (dot) is the current directory. . . (dot-dot) is the parent directory. Use the Linux command cd to change directories. Use dot-dot to move up the tree. Use the directory name to move down. Use the complete directory name (path name) tomove anywhere.5Frequently Used Linux Commands passwd, man, lpr pwd, ls, cat, more, cd, cp, mv, rm mkdir, rmdir ctl-cReferences: Linux man page Links from the 104 homepage Books and the InternetWildcard Characters You will find wildcard characters useful whenmanipulating files (e.g., listing or moving them). The wildcard characters are * and ? ? is used to represent any single character. * is used to represent 0 or more


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UMBC CMSC 104 - Operating Systems and Using Linux

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