EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE REMEDIATION OF METALS IN SOILSPHYTOREMEDIATION-FINAL-December 1997Prepared byInterstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group Metals in Soils Work TeamEmerging Technologies ProjectABOUT ITRC Established in 1995, the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) is a state-led, national coalition of personnel from the environmental regulatory agencies of some 40 states and the District of Columbia; three federal agencies; tribes; and public and industry stakeholders. The organization is devoted to reducing barriers to, and speeding interstate deployment of, better, more cost-effective, innovative environmental techniques. ITRC operates as a committee of the Environmental Research Institute of the States (ERIS), a Section 501(c)(3) public charity that supports the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS) through its educational and research activities aimed at improving the environment in the United States and providing a forum for state environmental policy makers. More information about ITRC and its available products and services can be found on the Internet at www.itrcweb.org. DISCLAIMER This document is designed to help regulators and others develop a consistent approach to their evaluation, regulatory approval, and deployment of specific technologies at specific sites. Although the information in this document is believed to be reliable and accurate, this document and all material set forth herein are provided without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of the accuracy or completeness of information contained in the document. The technical implications of any information or guidance contained in this document may vary widely based on the specific facts involved and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional and competent advisors. Although this document attempts to address what the authors believe to be all relevant points, it is not intended to be an exhaustive treatise on the subject. Interested readers should do their own research, and a list of references may be provided as a starting point. This document does not necessarily address all applicable heath and safety risks and precautions with respect to particular materials, conditions, or procedures in specific applications of any technology. Consequently, ITRC recommends also consulting applicable standards, laws, regulations, suppliers of materials, and material safety data sheets for information concerning safety and health risks and precautions and compliance with then-applicable laws and regulations. The use of this document and the materials set forth herein is at the user’s own risk. ECOS, ERIS, and ITRC shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages arising out of the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process discussed in this document. This document may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. ECOS, ERIS, and ITRC do not endorse the use of, nor do they attempt to determine the merits of, any specific technology or technology provider through publication of this guidance document or any other ITRC document. The type of work described in this document should be performed by trained professionals, and federal, state, and municipal laws should be consulted. ECOS, ERIS, and ITRC shall not be liable in the event of any conflict between this guidance document and such laws, regulations, and/or ordinances. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use by ECOS, ERIS, or ITRC.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe members of the Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperation (ITRC) Work Group, Metals inSoils Work Team wish to acknowledge the individuals, organizations and agencies that contributedto this Technology Overview document. We also wish to extend our thanks to those ITRC staterepresentatives who took the time to review and comment on our drafts.The Metals in Soils Work Team, as part of the broader ITRC effort, is funded primarily by the UnitedStates Department of Energy. Additional funding has been provided by the United States Departmentof Defense and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Administrative support forgrants is provided by the Western Governors Association and the Southern States Energy Board.The ITRC Metals in Soils Work Team also wishes to recognize the individuals who were directlyinvolved in this project, both in the initial stages of document development and the final stages ofreview and completion. We also wish to thank the organizations who made the expertise of theseindividuals available to the ITRC on this project. The following pages list members of the ITRCMetals in Soils Team, as well as “Targeted Reviewers” who contributed significant time and energyto this project.iiITRC Metals in Soils TeamBrian Sogorka, 1997 Team LeaderNJ Dept. of Environmental Protection401 East State StreetCN413, 6th FloorTrenton, NJ 08625P 609-633-1344F [email protected] Gabert Department of Environmental Quality288 North 1460 WestSalt Lake City, UT 84114-4880P 801-538-6170F [email protected] Goswami, Ph.D.Washington State Dept. of Ecology1315 W. 4th AvenueKennewick, WA 99336P 509-736-3015F [email protected] MuellerNew Jersey DEP, OIT401 East State Street CN-409Trenton, NJ 08625P 609-984-3910F [email protected] BertiDuPont Central Research & DevelopmentRoute 896Glasgow, DE 19702P 302-451-9224F [email protected] GombertLockheed/DOE Mixed WasteIdaho Falls, ID 83415-3875P 208-526-4624F [email protected]. H. JensenDuPont Central Research & DevelopmentExperimental StationBuilding 304Wilmington, DE 19880-0304P 302-695-4685F [email protected] ParkerUSEPA26 W Martin Luther King DrCincinnati, OH45268P 513-569-7271F [email protected] SogorkaColeman Research Corporation12850 Middlebrook Road, Suite 306Germantown, MD 20874P 301-515-6910F [email protected] ToolUS Army Corps of EngineersKansas City District601 East 12th StreetKansas City, MO 64106-2896P 816-983-3590F [email protected] Metals in Soils “Targeted Reviewers”Yalcin AcarEK, Inc.Louisiana State UniversitySouth Stadium DriveBaton Rouge, LA