Network Architectures for a Multi-Service Broadband InternetGrowth in the Number of Hosts NetSizerWorldwide Business-to-Business E-CommercePowerPoint PresentationAccess to the InternetIncreasing Use with TimeGenerational Differences in Use of the InternetMarket Demand for Internet/Online ServicesMarket Demand for High Speed AccessForecasts One ViewTraffic Growth Rates Voice grows at 3% per year; data grows at 100% per yearParts of a NetworkAccess NetworksCable NetworksCable Networks Another View with NeighborhoodsPacketCable ArchitectureMultimedia Cable Network Systems (MCNS) Data over Cable System Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)Cable Voice over IP ArchitectureCable Voice over IP Architecture cont’dTypical HFC Frequency PlanAsymmetric Digital Subscriber LineADSL AccessDifferences between ADSL and HFCTypes of xDSLLimitations and Obstacles to xDSLTotal Loop LengthDigital Loop CarrierNational Loop StatisticsSlide 29SummaryEmergence of “Double-Bubble” NetworksDense Wave Division MultiplexingNew Options in Protocol StacksDWDM as Capacity ExpansionElimination of SONETRevisiting Cable Networks with DWDMBackbone IP NetworkTarget Internet Backbone ArchitectureThe Quality of Service Challenge Transmission of voice through data networksThe rising tide: a first answer to the quality concernThe delays are already almost acceptable but there are wide variationsCongestion happens!Diffserv and Edge Control: Solving the QoS challengeEvolution of the Network Two options for quality of serviceDifferent Requirements for Voice and DataSeparation of traffic with priority classes Voice > DataConclusionNetwork Architectures for a Multi-Service Broadband InternetGeorge [email protected], January 13, 2019Multi-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 2Growth in the Number of HostsNetSizer4045505560657075Feb-99Mar-99Apr-99May-99Jun-99Jul-99Aug-99Sep-99Oct-99Nov-99Dec-99Jan-00DateHost Count (millions)http://www.netsizer.com/daily/table.htmlMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 3Worldwide Business-to-Business E-CommerceGartnerGroupJanuary 26, 2000http://gartner12.gartnerweb.com/public/static/aboutgg/pressrel/pr012600c.html7% of $105T total global sales transactions0.1450.4030.9532.183.957.290123456781998 2000 2002 2004$ (trillions)Multi-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 4Multi-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 5Access to the Internethttp://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/february16/internetsurvey-216.htmlStanford Institute of Quantitative Study of Society–Polled 4,113 individuals; 2,689 householdsMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 6Increasing Use with Timehttp://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/february16/internetsurvey-216.htmlMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 7Generational Differences in Use of the InternetMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 80%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004LinkWheat, First, ...YankeeJupiterKaganAverageMarket Demand for Internet/Online ServicesPercentage of US HouseholdsMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 9Market Demand for High Speed Access Total BBD + ISDN MarketADSL (Bellcore)Cable Modems (Kagan)ISDN BRI (IDC 98)05101520251997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Millions of High Speed UsersMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 10Source: IDC/Link 9/98ForecastsOne ViewMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 11Simplistic but true200020012002200320042005DataVoice051015202530352000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005VoiceDataTraffic Growth RatesVoice grows at 3% per year; data grows at 100% per yearMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 12Parts of a NetworkOthercarriersPremises Access MetropolitanOperationsBackbone(long-haul)TransmissionSwitchingMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 13Access NetworksAccessMultiplexer(s)WirelessVoice SwitchPOTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)xDSLxDSL ModemFiber in the loop (FITL)Fiber to the X (FTTx)Optical Network Unit (ONU)Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)HUBONUMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 14Cable NetworksHeadendPrimaryHubPrimaryHubPrimaryHubSecondaryHubSecondaryHubNodeNodeFew hundred thousand homes passedNodeNodeFew tens of thousands homes passedFew hundred to thousand homes passedInformationMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 15http://www.webproforum.com/hfc_dwdm/Cable NetworksAnother View with NeighborhoodsMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 16PSTN GatewayPacketCable ArchitectureCableModemMTACableModemMTAHFC access networkHFC access networkCMTSCMTSCall Management Server (CMS)Announcement ServerOSSBack OfficeServers and ApplicationsMedia Gateway (MG)Signaling GatewayMG Controller PSTNManagedIP NetworkPSTN: Public Switched Telephone NetworkCMTS: Cable Modem Termination SystemMTA: Multimedia Terminal AdapterMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 17Cable Distribution NetworkVCMTSPSTN GatewayHFCMTACMTSHFCMTAPSTNHead EndMultimedia Cable Network Systems (MCNS)Data over Cable System Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)Multi-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 18Cable Voice over IP ArchitectureCiscoCiscoIP NetworkILEC/PTOVHFC NetworkVoIP InfrastructureVoIPTrunking GatewayGigaBit Switch RoutersPacket Over SonetIntegratedCMTS/HeadEnd RouterCPECable ModemMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 19Cable Voice over IP Architecture cont’dVGSR12008GSR12008OC-12OC-12VVVPublic TelephoneNetworkCat8500TRUNKGATEWAYSCMTS/HEADEND ROUTERCAMPUSSWITCH ROUTERBACKBONEROUTERSAS5300uBR7246Cat8500Optical NodesMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 20Typical HFC Frequency Plan750,860 MHz,1 GHz5 MHz 42 MHz 550 MHz54 MHzCh 78Upstream Downstream2-way servicesDigital VideoAM Video2-way servicesCh2320 Kbps to 10 Mbps30 to 40 Mbps/6 MHz channelUpstream and downstream data channels are sharedMulti-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 21DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access MultiplexerADSLAsymmetric Digital Subscriber LineATMSwitchFabricClass 5SwitchTo ISPs,IXCsADSL ModemData Rate(Mbps)Wire Gauge(AWG)Distance (ft)1.5–2.0 24 18,0001.5–2.0 26 15,0006.1 24 12,0006.1 26 9,000Multi-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 22ADSL Accesshttp://www.3com.com/solutions/dsl/dsl_tech_microwt.html#_Toc389638794Multi-Service Broadband Internet Architectures – 23Differences between ADSL and HFCADSL is dedicated point-to-point