Biol 2457-Human Anatomy and Physiology 10/3/2013I. Relaxina. Allow flexibility for opening of birth canalII. Joints of Bodya. Temperomandibular Jointi. Combination of Hinge and Planar Jointii. Allows us to be omnivoresb. Elevated muscles that elevate our jawi. Unusual jointii. Lots of ligament attached to itiii. Made up of fibrocartilagec. Headachesi. Spreads out on sides of skulld. Shoulder Jointi. Strange jointii. Coracoid Processiii. Different attachments all remainThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Completely encapsulates jointv. Bursau1. Does not necessarily empty the motion of jointvi. Synovial jointvii. Hyaline cartilageviii. Inferiorly related to superiorix. Foot bindingIII. Aginga. Lack of exerciseb. Can lose certain amounts of synovial fluidc. Cartilage can become thinnerd. Osteoarthritisi. Huge probleme. Arthroplastyi. Most common are hips and kneesii. Knee replacement therapyiii. Chronic problems with jointsiv. Can replace receptacleChapter 10IV. Skeletal Musclesa. Attached by several gap junctions called intercalated disksb. Voluntary; very fastc. Smooth muscle tissuei. Doesn’t have regular arrangement of muscle filamentsii. Has irregular arrangement of fibersiii. Can shorten in any directioniv. SlowV. Muscular Tissuea. Skeletal muscle tissueb. Helps you locomotec. Gets you movingVI. Excitablea. Action potentialb. Flipping of charges across cell membraneVII. Fasciousa. Broad sheet of connective tissueVIII. 3 Basic layers of connective tissue facial componentsa. Epimyceum: outsidei. Circular arrangements surrounded by the endomyceumii. The cell surrounded by phospholipid bilayeriii. Just outside of phospholipid bilayer is endomyceumiv. Muscle tissue (red)1. Carries special type of oxygen componentIX. Microscopic anatomya. Satellite cells help to regenerate a tearb. Regenerate connective tissue that surrounds the fiberc. Holes are just an imagination of sarcoplasmic reticulumd. Triadi. T-tubuleChapter 11X. Hereditary Variationa. Evolution is a consequence of hereditary variation overtimeb. Mendel: Discovered principles of heredityc. Haploid: 1 copy of genomed. Diploid: 2 copies of genomee. Homologs: Chromosomes with the same geneXI. In diploidsa. One homolog is inherited from each parentsb. DNA is semiconservativec. DNA can be transcribedi. Produce RNA genes1. rRNA2. tRNA3. SnRNA4. MicroRNAii. Transcription:1. DNA to RNAiii. Translation1. MRNA to polypeptide2. Taking RNA3. Transcript that codes for protein4. Loaded and peptide bonds growiv. First codon: AUG1. Methylened. Allelesi. Nucleotide changesii. Produces different proteine. Phenotype: i. Physical expression of genef. Genotype:i. 2 alleles (Aa or aa)g. Discontinous variationi. Example: Albinoii. Polymorphism1. Multiple alleles of one gene mutants2. Not all mutants are recessiveXII. Sarcoplasmic Reticuluma. Contains sequesterb. Crosses out of t-tubulec. Sarcomerei. Z line to z lineii. 2d representationiii. Gives an idea of how thick and thin filaments are arrangedXIII. Thin Filamenta. Actinb. Overlap zonec. Increase overlapd. Overstretchingi. Titan prevents them from overstretchingii. Overstretched musclee. Z discsf. I Bandi. Thin filamentsii. Surrounded by endomyciumXIV.Thick filamentsa. Clusters of pretentious componentsb. Look like golf glovesc. Myosin pulling towards M linei. Creates tensionii. Surrounds titaniii. Happens on inside of structuresXV. Active sitesa. When tropomyosin is in placeb. Expose active site of G Actinc. Attaches to Active Sited. Cross-Overe. Pull towards M Linef. Creates a lot of tension within Muscle fiberXVI.Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, Actin fibers, myosin