Systems Engineering Part 2 Product ArchitecturesWhat is Product Architecture?Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Types of Modular ArchitecturesWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of a modular architectureSlide 9Slide 10Examples of Integral ArchitectureWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of a integral architecture?Slide 13Slide 14Product EvolutionProduct FamiliesTrailer ExampleElectronic ExampleSlide 19Modular/Integral Which is preferred?Slide 21Developing World Architectures Given conditions in Guatemala is there a bias for any particular architectural style?1Systems EngineeringPart 2Product Architectures2What is Product Architecture?•Three related parts–The definition and the arrangement of functional elements–The mapping of these elements to physical components–The specification of interfaces among interacting physical components3Some System Engineer Roles. . .Formulate and structure the System•Architectural Structure•create a schematic of the productreflects the teams best understanding of the product’s functionality•cluster the elements of the schematicreflect geometric integration, function sharing, vendor expertise considerations, localization of changeaccommodate variety, enable standardization, portability of interfaces (laser light, electrical vs mechanical)•create a rough geometric layout•identify the fundamental and incidental interactions between clusters•define secondary sub-systems4•Define subsystems from clusters•Subsystem Architecture•repeat above at the subsystem level•Optimizing design across sub-system interfacesconsider migration of components•Trade Studies•Alternative technologies•Create detailed Specifications•Planned Evolutionary Changes including Technology transparency•Establishing Error Budgets, weight budgets, power budgets, etc.5A Function Structure for a TrailerWhat other functions are possible?6Functional ElementsComponentsModular Architecture7Types of Modular Architectures•Slot–each component has a different coupling so cannot be interchanged (instrument panel of some airplanes, some parts of back plane of computers)•Bus–Common element which all components can connect to (track lighting, Ethernet, )•Sectional–All interfaces are the same type (set of blocks)8?What are the advantages and disadvantages of a modular architecture9Interfaces10Integral Architecture11Examples of Integral Architecture•Fully custom VLSI chip•One piece “monkey suit’•One room studio apartment?•All in one printer/fax/scanner?•Other?12What are the advantages and disadvantages of a integral architecture?131415Product Evolution•Upgrade•Add-ons•Adaptation•Wear•Consumption•Flexibility•Maintainability•Feature bundlingWell-designed product architectures accommodate these life cycle changes16Product Families•Spin out a variety of products from a common set of modules•Reuse extensively•Fast turn-around experiments to test market acceptance of features and to satisfy different segments•Change Technology platforms infrequently17Trailer Example•Different load strength trailer beds (modularized)•normal or heavy duty environmental protection?•Three sets of suspension springs•Air drag streamlining or standard18Electronic Example•Consider Digital Design Alternatives–Breadboard SSI–Microprocessor/Microcomputer–Full Custom (Transistor by transistor)–Standard Macrocell–Gate Array–Field Programmable Logic Array19performanceModularity/Speed to marketComparing Design StylesMicroprocessorBreadboard SSIFull CustomStandard MacrocellGate ArrayFPLA20Modular/IntegralWhich is preferred? Feature M I•Performance•Time to Market•Cost•Upgrade•Competitive defense•Developing World21How to achieve product variety22Developing World ArchitecturesGiven conditions in Guatemala is there a bias for any particular architectural style?•Condition•Drives