Biol 2457-Human Anatomy and Physiology 9/19/2013Chapter 6I. Bonea. Highly vascularizedb. Provides protectionc. Protects organs, lungs, and heartd. Helps in movemente. Mineral homeostasisi. Always have to have mineralsf. Blood cell protectiong. Lymphatic leukocytesh. Supporti. Structural Frameworkj. Assistance in movementk. Increasing red blood cell increases bloodl. Produce leukocytesm. Plateletsi. Release packets of cytoplasmii. Initiate the processn. Muscle and Nerve is at attachedo. Surrounded by thin layer of connective tissueII. Parts of the bonea. Diaphysisi. Big endsb. Epiphysisc. Metaphysisd. Medullary Cavitye. Calcificationi. OsteoblastsIII. Differentiation of Osteoblastsa. Osteoblasti. Bone buildingb. Osteoclasti. Help build the matrixc. Every system in body uses calciumd. Creates action potentialThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Regulate blood calciumIV. Monocytesa. Fixedb. Crawl aroundV. Compacta. Strongestb. Provides protection and supportVI. Medullaa. Central canal of Osteonb. Contains capillariesVII. Spongy Bonea. Lacks osteonsVIII. Ossificationa. Form of normal boneb. Any tissue can calcifyIX. Bone formationa. Forms in embryonic developmentX. Growtha. Longitudinali. Height statusb. Circumferential growthc. Remodel Bonesi. Based on:1. Activity2. Diet3. MovementXI. Bone Formationi. Intramembranous Ossificationii. Endochrondial ossification1. The replacement of cartilage by boneiii. Longitudinal growth1. If epiphyseal plate is damaged enough it will under normal circumstances cease to grow2. Old bone is continually replaced by new boneiv. Imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast activityv. Excessive loss of calcium weakens the boneb. Factors effecting bone growthi. Mineralsii. Vitamin D1. Deficiency causes bones to curveiii. Vitamin K1. Needed for synthesis of bone proteinsiv. Hormones1. IGF2. Thyroid hormones and human growth hormones can create an abnormal growth spurtv. Fractures1. Compound fracturesc. The repair of a bone structurei. Hematoma: Any form of blood clottingii. Bone: Reserve of calcium salts and other mineralsd. Thyroid Glandsi. PTH1. Stimulates formation of calcitrol works on kidneys to prevent loss of calcium2. Allows for reabsorptionii. Calcitrol1. Important in being able to absorb calcium across digestive epitheliumiii. Calcitron1. Stimulates osteoclast activity2. Prevents kidneys from reabsorbingiv. Exercising1. Stimulates stronger bonesXII. Aginga. Womeni. Can lose calcium through mensisii. Become inactiveiii. Not enough dietary intakeiv. Loss of bone mass1. Makes it easier for bones to break2. Osteoporosisa. Osteoclast continued to melt the