2D or 3D ?Is 3D always better than 2D?Is 2D always better than 3D?Preliminary conclusionWhat is for others?Slide 6Formulation of the problem3D’s merit3D’s drawbackSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Enhanced 3D v.s. 3D realityCurrent guidelines for 3D designersFuture guidelines for 3D designersSlide 17How to evaluate?Slide 19ConclusionSlide 21THANKS!2D or 3D ?Presented by Xu Liu, Ming LuoIs 3D always better than 2D?NO!0-1415- 1920- 2425- 2930- 3435- 3940- 4445- 54Al l racesWhi teBl ackAmer i can I ndi anAsi an or Paci fi c I sl ander0200, 000400, 000600, 000800, 0001, 000, 0001, 200, 000Live birthsAge of mother (years)Live births by age and race of mother: United States preliminary 2003 Ming LuoAl l racesWhi teBl ackAmeri can I ndi anAsi an or Paci fi c I sl anderIs 2D always better than 3D?NO!Preliminary conclusion2D & 3D play their roles better in their own fields2D better in information visualization and miningDeal with categorical, discrete variables, sparse sampling of real worldFocused on discovery of patterns, trends, clusters, outliers, gaps, etc3D better in scientific visualizationDeal with continuous variables, dense sampling of real worldFocused on vision impression3D better in first-person experienceFocused on simulation of real worldWhat is for others?Is it better to build an online library with 2D or 3D?Illustrate books with 2D thumbnails?Simulate books with 3D objects?Which one do you prefer when you play FIFA soccer game? Or seeing replays?2D?2.5D?3D?It seems the answer is diverse and depending on different people2D 3D2.5DFormulation of the problemThe ultimate task is to optimize the whole systemBasically, observe subsystem is constant as the human retina functionalityThe goal is to optimize the system by designing good and well-coordinated world model, understanding, action and feedback functionalitiesThe subsystems are interdependent to each other!observe understandworld actionfeedback3D’s meritFaithful to realityNaturalistic lookingEcologically plausibleFamiliar to userEasy feelingIntegrate all the informationHope it optimizes the understanding subsystem3D’s drawbackSometimes hard to understandSometimes hard to operate3D’s drawbackHard to understandSemantic ambiguity from 3D visionOcclusionProjectionSometimes user must explore different perspectives to grasp the information3D’s drawbackHard to operateIn a pure 3D representation, sometimes, user needs more operations to complete one taskIn “There”, when a user see a distant shop, she/he must run a long way to reach it2D buttons or hyperlinks may be much faster to do tasks “Active World” provides teleportThey need some training to get familiar with the control systemSomeone will get dizzyEnhanced 3D v.s. 3D realityEnhanced 3D solved some problems of 3D reality presentation, by designing interface more usableChange colors or shapesGroup and ungroup componentsSend objects by emailAttach floating labelsGo back in time by undoing recent actionsPlay animations in reverseDynamic queryTeleport instantlyCurrent guidelines for 3D designersUse occlusion, shadows, perspective, and other 3D techniques carefullyMinimize the number of navigation steps for users to accomplish their tasksKeep text readableAvoid unnecessary visual clutter, distractions, contrast-shifts, and reflectionsSimplify user movement and object movementEnable users to construct visual groups to support spatial recalletcFuture guidelines for 3D designersProvide overviews so users can see big pictureAllow teleportationOffer X-ray vision so users can see into or beyond objectsProvide history keepingPermit rich user actions on objectsEnable remote collaborationGive users control over explanatory textOffer tools to select, mark and measureFuture guidelines for 3D designersImplement dynamic queries to rapidly filter out unneeded itemsSupport semantic zooming and movementEnable landmarks to show themselves even at a distanceAllow multiple coordinated viewsDevelop novel 3D icons to represent concepts that are more recognizable and memorableHow to evaluate?SubjectiveUser satisfactionAre you happy to use it?Is the interface convenient?ObjectiveTime to complete tasksConclusion2D, 3D reality, enhanced 3D have their own merits and drawbacks2D is better for information visualization and mining3D reality is better for scientific visualization and first-person experienceEnhanced 3D may be better for software with more general interface, such as web chatting, online shopping, virtual community, gamesEnhanced 3D needs more systematic standard or guidelinesConclusionUltimate factor is the user needsBut sometimes, users’ preferences are diverse and even changing One alternative way may be implementing them all and giving user