Lab Activity #3: Determining which way the moon revolves around EarthLab Activity #4: Synthesizing Your Understanding of the Phases of the MoonLab Activity #5: Why Do We Always See the Same Side of the Moon?Lab Activity #7: Why Don't We Have Solar and Lunar Eclipses Every Month?At ChicoAt the Tropic of CancerAt the EquatorAt the North PoleMoon PhaseQuestionsMoon PhaseName Homework Assignment #7: The Moon© 2008 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico*Chapter 21 – Origins of Modern AstronomyMotions of the Earth-Moon System (p. 617–620)A. Introduction1. Approximately how long does it take the moon to complete one full orbit around the earth?2. Which way does the moon revolve around the earth?B. Phases of the MoonDefinitions: The following terms define the various phases of the moon. Memorize these terms!Full MoonThe moon is full when the side we see is 100% illuminated. A full moon looks like a perfect circle.New MoonThe moon is new when the side we see is dark. We cannot see a new moon at all.Crescent MoonA crescent moon is shaped like a crescent; a smaller proportion of the moon is illuminated than is the case during a quarter moon.Quarter MoonThe moon is called a quarter moon when it looks like a half circle1Gibbous MoonA gibbous moon is shaped like a lopsided football; a larger proportion of the moon is illuminated than is the case during a quarter moon.1 So then why is it called a quarter moon? Because it’s 1/4 of the way around in its orbit.*Supported by NSF Grant #9455371. Permission is granted to reproduce this material for classroom use.C–1C–2 Homework Assignment #7 - The MoonWaxing MoonThe moon is waxing when the illuminated portion of the moon is getting a little bit bigger every day.Waning MoonThe moon is waning when the illuminated portion of the moon is getting a little bit smaller every day.1. Questions About These Definitions: To find the answers to the questions below, consult your data from the moon project, the section in the textbook entitled Phases of the Moon (p. 618–619), and Figure 21.27 on p. 618.a. How does a 1st quarter moon look different from a 3rd quarter moon? (Hint: think about whether they are lit on the right or left side)b. How does a waxing crescent moon look different from a waning crescent moon?c. How does a waxing gibbous moon look different from a waning gibbous moon?2. The cause of the moon's phases:a. Where does the moon get its light from? b. What proportion of the moon is illuminated at any time? c. What phase is the moon in when it lies between the Sun and Earth? Why?d. What phase is the moon in when the earth lies between it and the sun? Why?C. Lunar Motions (p. 617–618)Homework Assignment #7 - The Moon C–3In addition to reading the text, carefully study the diagram on the next page--ignore Figure 21.26 on p. 617; it is VERY POORLY designed because it implies that the “distant star” is actually so close that it is inside of our solar system. I don’t think so!1. Synodic Month: How long does it take the Moon to go through all of its phases? 2. Sidereal Month: How long does it take the Moon to complete one 360° revolution aroundEarth? 3. Why is a synodic month longer than a sidereal month? In answering this question, add to the diagram below.C–4 Homework Assignment #7 - The Moon4. Why do we always see the same side of the moon, no matter what phase it is in?5. How long does daylight last on the moon?Homework Assignment #7 - The Moon C–56. How long does darkness last on the moon? D. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon (p. 619–620)1. What causes a solar eclipse? (See Figure 21.28 on p. 619)2. What phase is the moon in during a solar eclipse? 3. What causes a lunar eclipse? (See Figure 21.29 on p. 620)4. What phase is the moon in during a lunar eclipse? 5. Why does a solar eclipse not occur with every new-moon phase and a lunar eclipse with every full-moon phase?6. The number of eclipses per yeara. How many solar eclipses do we usually get (somewhere on Earth) a year? b. How many lunar eclipses do we usually get (somewhere on Earth) in a year? c. Why these numbers? (Hint: see the diagram below.)C–6 Homework Assignment #7 - The Moon7. Why is the moon still visible, but copper-colored, during a full lunar eclipse?8. Why do lunar eclipses last so much longer than solar eclipses?Name Homework Assignment #8: Causes of the Seasons© 2008 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico*Chapter 16 – The Atmosphere: Composition, Structure and TemperatureEarth-Sun Relationships (p. 455–460)A. Earth's Motions1. Rotationa. What is meant by rotation of the Earth?b. How long does it take the Earth to complete one rotation? c. At any moment, what % of Earth is experiencing daylight? d. What is the “circle of illumination?”2. Revolutiona. What is meant by revolution of the Earth?b. How long does it take the Earth to complete one revolution? B. Seasons1. Why is it colder in the winter than it is in the summer? Fully explain BOTH reasons. a.b.*Supported by NSF Grant #9455371. Permission is granted to reproduce this material for classroom use.C–5C–6 Homework Assignment #8 - Causes of the Seasons2. How does the seasonal variation in the altitude of the noon sun affect the amount of energy received at the earth's surface? (in addition to reading the text, be sure to study Figure 16.10 on p. 456 and Figures 16.11 and 16.12 on p. 457)a.b.3. Does every place on Earth experience a vertical noon sun on the same day? Explain.C. Earth’s Orientation1. Tilt (Inclination) of Earth's axis (be sure to study Figure 16.13 on p. 458):a. Draw a diagram that illustrates how Earth's axis is tilted relative to the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun.b. Over the course of a year, does Earth's axis always point in the same direction or doesit point in different directions? Explain.c. What are the implications of your answer to question b for the altitude of the noon sun at different times of the year. Answer this question in your own words and draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.Homework Assignment #8 - Causes of the Seasons C–7C–8 Homework Assignment #8 - Causes of the Seasons2. Seasonal Changes in the Location of the