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MU GLY 110 - Running Water

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Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Global Water CycleSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20River Sediment – grouped by mode of transportMississippi River sedimentSlide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Chapter 9: Running WaterEarth’s water forms systemcalled the hydrologic cycle :• Driven by solar power• Fixed volume• Constantly cycling• Unequally distributedSolar Energy: drives weather / hydrologic cycleInternal Heat: drives plate motion, melts rocksRock cycle: driven by both internal and solar energy“Compartments” for earth’s waterGreen and Blue WaterProcesses that transfer water between compartmentsCompartments can be grouped into reservoirs and conduits• Reservoirs can store large volumes of water but recycle it slowly.• Conduits store only small volumes of water but recycle it quickly. reservoirreservoirconduit500 gal 500 gal10 galIf water is flowing through this system at a rate of 10 gallons per minute,water in pipe will be replaced every minute (10g/10gpm = 1 min) but water in tankswill turn over every 50 minutes (500g/10gpm = 50 min). Time to be replaced is variously referred to as: exchange rate, turn-over time or residency time.In the earth’s hydrologic cycle • The biggest reservoir is the oceans •Reservoirs of fresh water are glaciers and aquifers.• Conduits of fresh water are rivers and the atmosphere. reservoir reservoirconduitOceanOceanContinentsEvaporationEvaporationPrecipitationRunoff RunoffGlobal Water CycleEVAPO > PRECIP EVAPO > PRECIPPRECIP > EVAPOOCEANOCEANLANDEnergy of Surface Water (streams, rivers, lakes) is in the form of elevation + velocityMaximum energy100% in form of elevationZero energy zero elevation, zero velocityIntermediate energy in form of velocity and elevationContinentOceanBase levelLow base levelIntermediate base levelHigh base levelChange in base level means change in slope and thereforechange on erosion/deposition What type of geologic events can change base level?• Energy to erode/transport depends on velocity • Velocity depends on slope• Change in slope means change in erosion/deposition• Energy is gone when base level is reachedBase levelOnly deposition possible• Energy to erode/transport depends on velocity • Velocity depends on slope• Change in slope means change in erosion/deposition• Energy is gone when base level is reachedBase levelOnly deposition possibleValley developmentRiver Sediment – grouped by mode of transportMississippi River sediment1993 Mississippi River Flood (500-year flood)1993 Mississippi River Flood (500-year flood)http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/research/exhibit_gallery/great_floods/wetness.htmlJune 6, 1993July 15, 1993Soil Moisture(brighter = wetter)July 29, 19931993 Mississippi River Flood (500-year flood)Dry soils, pores availableto store waterPrecipitationGroundRunoffInfiltrationWet soils, pore spacessaturatedPrecipitationSaturatedGroundIncreased RunoffLittle InfiltrationPrior to urbanizationPrecipitationGroundRunoffInfiltrationAfter to urbanizationPrecipitationImperviousGroundIncreased RunoffLittle InfiltrationHydrog raph: graph of water level or flow vs. timeCombined sewer systemsuse same pipes for storm-water and wastewaterEffect of water (wet soil) on slope


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MU GLY 110 - Running Water

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