1Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides1Psychology 372Physiological PsychologySteven E. Meier, Ph.D.Disorders of the Spinal CordLocation and Damage2Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyOverview• Review anatomy of the Spinal Cord• Spinal damage can be severe• Symptoms are correlated with the location of the damage.• Paralysis can be temporary• Occurs due to swelling• After about 6 months, you have what you have.3Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyComplete Transection• Below the transection• Get complete loss of sensation • Complete loss of voluntary motor movement • Can get complete loss of bladder and bowel control.4Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyPartial Transection• Some pathways may be spared.• Causes distinct patterns• Get ipsilateral weakness and muscle spasticity.• Ipsilateral loss of discriminative touch•Others• Symptoms may also occur with tumors and cysts.• Symptoms are more subtle though.• Take longer before you recognize a problem.5Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyCervical Damage• Complete Transection• Usually causes loss of function in the arms and legs • Called Quadriplegia•C-1 and C-2 injuries• Can result in a loss of • Involuntary functions – breathing• Injuries above C- 4 may require a vent ilator for breathing•C-5 injuries• Have co ntrol in t he shoulder and biceps• No control of wrist or hand6Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyCervical Damage•C-6 injuries•Have wrist control• Have no hand function•C-7 and T-1 injuries• Can straighten arms • May have dexterity problems with hands and fingers.27Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyThoracic• Injuries usually affect the chest and legs • T-1 – T-8 injuries• Get poor trunk control• Good hand control• Poor abdominal muscle control•Called Paraplegia• T-9 to T-12 injuries • Have good truck control• Have good abdominal muscle control.• Sitting balance is very good.8Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyLumbar and Sacral• Usually result in some decreased functioning in the hips and legs.• Bowel and Bladder problems• Sexual dysfunction problems• Injuries • L-2 to L-4 Loss of Knee Jerk reflex• Generally, get decreasing control of the hip flexors and legs.9Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyOther Problems• Sexual functioning is disrupted• Male fertility may be affected, • Female fertility is generally not affected. • Low blood pressure • Inability to regulate blood pressure.• Reduced control of body temperature• Inability to sweat below the level of injury• Chronic pain 10Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyConclusion• Do not want to damage your spinal cord.• If damage occurs, PT work can help significantly.• Lots of support mechanisms• Lots of Research•Stem Cell•Computer• Problem, many neurons come from cortical areas.• Other problems too. Finding the right
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