MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 11.941 Learning by Comparison: First World/Third World Cities Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.HUMANIZING THE CITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FESTIVAL IN MANHATTAN AND MUMBAI JOSHUA C. FIALA 11.941 LEARNING BY COMPARISON: FIRST WORLD/THIRD WORLD CITIES PROFESSOR ASEEM INAM | FALL 2008 | PRESENTATION | 11/19/2008FESTIVALS AS A HUMANIZING EVENT IN THE CITY A TEMPORAL MOMENT WHEN HUMANITY DOMINATES ALL OTHER FORCES ACTING IN THE CITY HOW DO YOU HUMANIZE THE CITY? FESTIVALS ARE UNIQUELY HUMAN MOMENTS IN THE CITY HOW DOES A FESTIVAL CHANGE THE USE OF SPACE? CAN THIS ADAPTATION PROVDE LESSONS TO HUMANIZE THE CITY? DOES THE FESTIVAL ITSELF CREATE MORE HUMAN PLACES?CITIES OF FESTIVAL MANHATTAN | MUMBAI | NEW YORK CITY (MANHATTAN), NEW YORK, USA | | MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA | origin | 16th century origin | 16th century land area | 789.4 sq km land area | 437.7 sq km population | 8.3 million (2007 census) population | 11.9 million (2001 census) population density | 10,481 people/sq mi (2007 census) population density | 27,209 people/sq km (2001 census) mode share | Public Transportation (54.6%) mode share | Walk (55.5%) Car (29.7%) Public Transportation (36.3%) Walk (9%) Other (5.8%) Other (5.7%) Car (1.6%) Cycle (1%) Cycle (.8%) (5) famous events | St. Patrick’s Day Parade (5) famous events | Elephanta Festival July Fourth Festival Maharashtra Day Festival of the Americas Ganesh Chahurthi Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade Navaratri New Year’s Eve Festival Kala Ghoda FestivalFESTIVAL TYPOLOGIES | PLACE TYPOLOGIES FESTIVALS AND PLACES THEY OCCUR IN CITIES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO A FEW TYPES FESTIVAL TYPOLOGIES PROCESSION CENTRAL POINT DECENTRAL NETWORK PLACE TYPOLOGIES MAJOR STREET/ARTERY PARK PLAZA MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE GANESH CHATURTHI MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE GANESH CHATURTHIFESTIVAL COMPARATIVE STUDY MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE | MANHATTAN, NEW YORK, USA description | A Parade of Elaborate Floats, Bands, Clowns, Celebrities and Giant Helium Filled Balloons time of year / day | Fourth Thursday of November / 9AM to Noon (3 Hours) origin date | 1924 origin idea | Macy’s Employees Celebrating the Christmas Season with a European Style Parade route | Central Park W. South to Broadway cont. South to 34th St. size (attendance) | 10,000 Parade Participants, 2-3.5 Million Spectators size (area of city) | 43 Blocks (2.5 Miles) general effect | Crowded Route, Congests Midtown spectacle | Pop Culture Icon Helium Balloons costs | Event Clean Up, Police and Security Details hidden costs | Irritation, Blocked Traffic, Interrupted Deliveries, Loss of Business, Noise planning | Floats and Balloons Begin Prep Up to 1 YR in Advance final preparation | Prepare/Secure Route, Inflate Balloons, Assemble Floats aftermath | Balloons Deflated,Trash RemovalFESTIVAL COMPARATIVE STUDY GANESH CHATURTHI GANESH CHATURTHI | MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA description | 10-Day Event Worshipping Ganesh, Processions to the Sea for Immersion of Idols time of year / day | End of August/Beginning of September / All Day (Over a 10-Day Period) origin date | 1893 +/-origin idea | Lokmanya Tilak installed public images of Ganesh for worship as British protest route | Organic size (attendance) | Difficult to Measure (11,200 Ganesh Mandals in 2008) size (area of city) | Difficult to Measure general effect | Crowded Routes, Congests City spectacle | Ganesh Idols and Statues Worshipped and Paraded Through the Streets to the Sea costs | Police and Crowd Control Measures hidden costs | Blocked Traffic, Noise planning | Idols Crafted up to 3 Months in Advance, Queuing Planning final preparation | Close Popular Routes to Traffic aftermath | Idols Immersed in the Sea, Pollution of Sea WaterCOMPARATIVE CASE STUDY MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE SPATIAL ANALYSIS LOCATIONS OF FESTIVAL AT CITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD SCALES Aerial photo removed due to copyright restrictionsCOMPARATIVE CASE STUDY GANESH CHATURTHI SPATIAL ANALYSIS LOCATIONS OF FESTIVAL AT CITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD SCALES Aerial photo removed due to copyright restrictionsANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE | GANESH CHATURTHI FESTIVALS AS HUMANIZING EVENT Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade Ganesh Chaturthi Manhattan, New York, U.S.A. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Territory / Use Intimacy / Connection Granularity / Activity Movement Triangularity How does the condition of connection and density of people change b/w ordinary & festival? Does the grain and mix of activity change b/w ordinary & festival? How does freedom of movement change b/w ordinary & festival? What is the center of focus in ordinary & festival? * Principles for effective event places adapted from Dennis Frenchman’s Event Places How do people occupy & use the city differently b/w ordinary & festival? How do people occupy & use the city differently b/w ordinary & festival?ADAPTATION OF CITY Vitality Fit Access How do the above adaptations benefit or negate city vitality? How do the above adaptations benefi t or negate city vitality?HUMANIZATION OF CITY How do the above adaptations benefit or negate human fit in the city? How do the above adaptations benefit or negate human access in the city? * Principles for good city from adapted from Kevin Lynch’s Good City Form21221212212122121221COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS FESTIVALS AS HUMANIZING EVENT MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE TERRITORY / USE INTIMACY / CONNECTION 11 1 22 2 11 1 22 2 11 1 1 GRANULARITY / ACTIVITY 212 1 11 1 22 2 11 1 22 2 11 1 11 1 22 2 11 1 22 2 MOVEMENT 11 1COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY GANESH CHATURTHI FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS FESTIVALS AS HUMANIZING EVENT GANESH CHATURTHI TERRITORY / USE INTIMACY / CONNECTION 11 11 22 22 11 12 22 22 11 11 11 22 GRANULARITY / ACTIVITY 11 22 11 11 11 22 22 11 12 121 121 12 12 2 2 2121 11 12 22 22 11 11 MOVEMENTCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS MACY’S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE AND GANESH CHATURTHI Manhattan, New York, U.S.A. Territory / Use Intimacy / Connection Granularity / Activity Movement Triangularity Increased (+) Not Changed (.) Restricted (-) Increased (Except Times Square) (+) * Principles for effective event places adapted from Dennis Frenchman’s Event Places