1Lecture 1Dating the Past: Geologic, Archeologic, Biologic, and Human CultureLecture 12The Emergence of ManSource: J.N. Leonard, 1973 First Farmers, Time LifeGeology Archeology4.5 Creation of the Earth4 Formation of the primordial seaFirst life, single-celled algae and bacteria, appears in water321First oxygen-breathing animals appear800Primitive organisms develop interdependent specialized cells600 Shell-bearing multicelled invertebrate animals appearEvolution of armored fish, first animals possess backbones400 Small amphibians venture onto landReptiles and insects ariseAge of dinosours begins200 Birds appear Mammals live in shadow of dinosaursAge of dinosaurs ends80Prosimians, earliest primates, develop in trees6040 Monkeys and apes evolve2010 Ramapithecus, oldest known primate with apparently human-like traits,8 evolves in India & Africa6 Australopithecus, closest primate ancestor to humans, appears in Africa4Mesozoic middle lifeCenozoic recent lifeBillions of Years AgoMillions of Years AgoPrecambrian earliest eraPaleozoic ancient lifeLecture 1 3Geology Archeology2 Oldest known tool fashioned by humans in AfricaFirst true human, Homo erectus, emerges in East Indies and Africa1Homo erectus populates temperate zones800 Humans learns to control and use fire600Large-scale, organized elephant hunts staged in Europe400 Artificial shelters200Neandertals emerge in Europe8060 Ritual burials in Europe and Near East suggest belief in afterlifeWoolly mammoths hunted by Neandertals in northern Europe40Cro-Magnons arise in EuropeAsian hunters cross Bering Land Bridge to populate New WorldOldest known written record, lunar notations on bone, made in EuropeHumans reach AustraliaFirst artists decorate walls and ceilings of caves in France and Spain30 Figurines sculpted for nature worship20 Invention of needle makes sewing possibleBison hunting begins on Great Plains of North America10 Bow and arrow invented in EuropePottery first made in JapanHolocene present epochUpper Pleistocene latest period of most recent epochMiddle Paleolithic middle period of Old Stone AgeUpper Paleolithic latest period of Old Stone AgeMesolithic Middle Stone AgeMillions of Years AgoLower Pleistocene oldest period of most recent Thousands of Years AgoLower Paleolithic oldest period of Old Stone AgeMiddle Pleistocene middle period of most recent epochLecture 14Sheep domesticated in Near EastDog domesticated in North AmericaJericho, oldest known city, settledGoat domesticated in PersiaHumans cultivate first crops, wheat and barley in Near EastPattern of village life grows in Near EastCatal Huyuk, in what is now Turkey, becomes largest Neolithic cityLoom invented in Near EastCattle domesticated in Near EastOldest known massive stone monument built in BrittanySail-propelled boats used in EgyptFirst city-states develop in SumerCylinder seals begin to be used as marks of identification in Near EastFirst potatoes grown in South AmericaWheel originates in SumerHumans begin to cultivate rice in Far EastSilk moth domesticated in ChinaEgyptian merchant trading ships start to ply the MediterraneanFirst writing, pictographic, composed in Near EastBronze first used to make tools in Near EastCity life spreads to Nile ValleyPlow is developed in Near EastAccurate calendar based on stellar observation devised in EgyptStonehenge, most famous of ancient stone monuments, begun in EnglandPyramids built in EgyptMinoan navigators begin to venture into seas beyond the MediterraneanVariety of gods and heroes glorified in Gilgamesh and other epics in Near EaAgriculture begins to replace hunting in EuropeCopper used in trade in Mediterranean areaCorn cultivated in Mexico11000100009000800060005500500048004600NeolithicNew StoneAgeCopperAgeBronzeAgeGeology Archeology Years AgoHolocene(cont.)Lecture 1 5Geology Archeology4500 Cities rise in the Indus ValleyEarliest written code of laws drawn up in SumerHerdsmen of Central Asia learn to tame and ride horses4000 Use of bronze in EuropeChicken and elephant domesticated in Indus ValleyEskimo culture begins in Bering Strait area3500 Invention of ocean-going canoes; humans reach South PacificCeremonial bronze sculptures created in ChinaImperial government, ruling distant provinces, established by Hittites3400 Iron in use in Near EastFirst complete alphabet devised in script of the Ugarit people in SyriaHebrews introduce concept of monotheism3000 Reindeer domesticated in Eurasia2900 Phonicians develop modern alphabet2800 Celtic culture begins to spread use of iron throughout EuropeNomads create a far-flung society based on the horse in Russian steppesFirst highway system built in AssyriaHomer composes Iliad and Odyssey2700 Rome foundedWheel barrow invented in China2200 Epics of India's gods and heroes, Mahabharata and Ramayana , writtenWater wheel invented in Near East2000 Current era beginsYears AgoBronze Age (cont.)Iron AgeHolocene (cont.)Lecture 16Current Era (CE) 1 Height of Roman Empire, birth of Christ Destruction of Pompei (79) Persecution of Christians Emperor Constantine, establishment of Christian dominance Decline of Roman Empire 500 Rise of Islam Dark Ages in Europe, plague Tang Dynasty in China Sung Dynasty in China Vikings 1000 Norman Conquest (1044) Cathedrals constructed Genghis Khan Ottoman empire in Turkey, Aztecs settle in Mexico Printing press1500 BEGINNING OF MODERN ERA, Printed Herbals, Columbus Age of Exploration1600 William Shakespeare, Francis Bacon Rembrandt, Cromwell1700 Gardens of Versailles, Isaac Newton US Revolution (1776), Carolus Linnaeus1800 Thomas Andrew Knight: Beginning of Horticultural Science Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel; Birth of genetics, Morrill Act 1900 Liberty Hyde Bailey – Wright brothers fl ight – ASHS founded Rediscovery of Mendel’s paper, beginning of Genetics1910 Thomas Hunt Morgan & Drosophila, mechanization of Agriculture World War I1920 Hybrid corn, vitamins Rise of tractor in agriculture1930 World Depression Dust Bowl1940 World War II VE,VJ day, Cold War1950 DNA Structure, Watson Crick, Korean Confl ict Genetic Code1960 Herbicides Vietnam Era1970 Man on the moon (1969), Green Revolution, plasticulture Tissue culture, micropropagation1980 Gene transformation Molecular biology1990 Gulf War, computors Information revolution – Internet2000 Genomics, directed mutationLecture 1 7Summary Lecture 1Dates to RememberYears ago15 Billion Origin of universe 4.5 Billion Origin of earth 3.5
View Full Document
Unlocking...