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UConn PHIL 1102 - statistical arguments and probability part 2
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Philosophy 1102 1st edition Lecture 10Outline of last lecture l. Samples and populationll. Statistical AveragesOutline of Current Lecture lll. Standard Deviation lV. Dividing Curve V. The Size of standard deviation Vl. How to calculate standard deviation Vll. What if results are skewed?Vlll. The misuse of statistics Current Lecture lll. Standard Deviation A. A measure of the amount of diversity in a set of numerical values. Bell shaped curve - Although the numerical values are spread throughout the curve (the distribution), the majority of the values are clustered around the mean. lV. Dividing the curve B. Divide the area under the curve at equal distances- SD: standard deviation (often called sigma)- The area from -1 SD to 1 SD contains roughly 68% of the valuesPhilosophy 1102 1st edition V. The size of standard deviation A. The larger the size of standard deviation, the larger the diversity; the smaller the size of the standard deviation, the smaller the diversity.B. If the range of scores from each SD is small, the sides of the curves slope down sharply from the top, indicating the small diversity in the group. Vl. How to Calculate Standard Deviation Step 1: Calculate the mean value. Step 2: Calculate the difference between each value in the set and the mean value Step 3: Multiply each difference by itself (square each difference). Step 4: Add the results of the squaring process in step 3. Step 5: Divide the results of step 4 by one fewer than the number of members in the set. Step 6: The square root of the total variance is the standard deviation. Vll. What if the Results are Skewed?A. Not all data are quantifiable; measuring devices may not provide “objective” results.B. Statistical analysis can lead to new questions, new disagreements, new interpretations. Vlll. The Misuse of Statistics A. Statistics can mislead either intentionally or unintentionallyPhilosophy 1102 1st editionB. Quantitative terms can be interpreted differently than those containing qualitative terms. - The latest album by the Green Biscuits in number one in sales this year (quantitative).- The latest album by the Green Biscuits is the best album this tear


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UConn PHIL 1102 - statistical arguments and probability part 2

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 3
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