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K-State HN 132 - DNA/Genes
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HN 132 Lecture 14 Outline of Last LectureI. Traditional Mediterranean diet II. Fat Substitutes III. ProteinsIV. Essential Amino AcidsV. Dietary ProteinsVI. Denaturation Outline of Current Lecture I. DNA II. Proteins III. BuffersIV. Transport Proteins V. Nitrogen BalanceVI. Calculating Protein Daily Intake Current LectureI. DNA in the cell nucleus contains instructions for protein synthesisA. Gene: DNA segment that codes for specific proteinB. Specialized RNA molecules carry out instructions for protein synthesis1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) perform very specific roles during protein synthesis2. When abnormalities occur during protein synthesis, serious medical conditions may resulta. Example: sickle-cell anemiaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Proteins provide structural and mechanical support and help maintain body tissuesA. Collagen: a ropelike, fibrous protein that is the most abundant protein in your bodyB. Connective tissue: the most abundant tissue type in the body; made up primarily of collagen, it supports and connects body parts as well as provides protection and insulationC. Proteins build most enzymes and many hormonesD. Proteins help maintain fluid balance, blood clottingSpeed up chemical reactionsIII. Proteins help maintain acid-base balanceA. Buffers: substances that help maintain the proper pH in a solution by attracting or donating hydrogen ionsB. Proteins transport substances throughout the bodyIV. Transport proteins shuttle oxygen, waste products, lipids, some vitamins, and sodium and potassium through your blood and into and out of cells through cell membranesA. Proteins contribute to a healthy immune systemB. Specialized protein “soldiers” called antibodies eliminate potentially harmful substancesC. Proteins can provide energyD. Protein improves satiety and appetite controlV. Nitrogen BalanceA. Healthy adults should be in nitrogen balance, the state in which an individual is consuming the same amount of nitrogen from protein in the diet as he or she is excreting in the urineVI. Calculating Protein Daily IntakeA. Protein recommendations (DRI): 1. 10 to 35 percent of total daily calories from protein2. Average intake in the United States = 15 percent3. 0.8 g of protein/kg of body weight needed dailyB. Calculating your daily protein needs:1. Convert weight to pounds by dividing by 2.2 lbs/kg:If you weigh: 130 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 59 kg59 kg X 0.8 g = 47 g of


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