FILM 4800 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 – 9Answer the following review questions (answers will cover a range of one of more lectures combined). Name the regulatory, business model and ideological differences between public and private controlled media industries.Publically controlled media industries are government controlled, which makes regulation and regards to ownership more strict. Public media wants to appeal to a large audience, which influences the mandate to create a diversity of content to appeal to a diverse audience. Success for public media is measured by whether or not the needs of the public are being served. Privately controlled media industries are corporate controlled. They have a private model with innovation and increased competition. Private media profits from selling the audiences they gather with their media content to advertisers. They also put their main focus of content on narrower audiences (demographics) because advertiser’s desire and can benefit from certain types of customers. Regulatory jurisdictions in Film, Television and New Media(FCC, FTC, Department of Justice, Production Code, MPAA)Regulators of the media industry include the FTC, FCC, Department of Justice, production codes,and MPAA. The FTC, or federal trade commission, regulates many aspects of the internet and advertising industry. Basically, they oversee that the industries ensure fair business practices. The FCC, or federal communications commission, is an agency that is in charge of enforcing the regulatory provision that govern many media industries, particularly broadcast and cable television, telephony, and some aspects of the internet. The FCC maintains competition, diversity, and localism within the media industry. The department of justice is a U.S. federal department that is responsible for enforcing federal laws. Production codes are basically the don’ts and do’s in the films the media industry produces; it basically decides what is and isn’t appropriate, such as levels of nudity, drugs, violence, etc. The MPAA, motion picture association of America, assigns ratings to different films in the industry. The reasons for the Paramount Decree’s and its effects on content and ownershipDuring the 1948 antitrust case, it was decided by the Supreme Court to create the Paramount Decree. Before Paramount, eight different studios dominated the film industry, thus creating one of the most extreme cases of vertical integration, controlling the creation, distribution, and exhibition of media. The Supreme Court branded the trade practice unfair, which essentially eliminated block booking and blind booking. The Paramount Decree resulted in diverse andprivately owned theater chains, the rise of art houses, the crumbling of the studio system, and increased competition. Overtime, the studio produced more revenue from international distribution, the home rental market, licensing of films to TV networks, and other distribution windows. Understand media consolidation, conglomerates, synergy, horizontal, and vertical integrationMedia consolidation is the concentration of many media industry operation into the hands of just a few companies, resulting in less competition. Conglomerates are a combination of 2 or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses that fall under one corporate structure, usually involving a parent company and several subsidiaries. Horizontal integration is the owning of multiple similar businesses, while vertical integration is the production, distribution, and exhibition, or owning, of different businesses. Synergy is the belief that the combined value is greater than the sum of individual parts due to the potential of cross-promotion enabled by owning multiple media (i.e. broadcast and cable channels). The relationship between emerging technologies (ex. television and cable) on established media industries (ex radio and film).New technologies that come into play can significantly change media industries. For example, computer technology, or editing, saved time and money, and increased the visual impact of television and film. Another example is when entrepreneurs used to try to sell radio sets. They would include signals with airwaves that carried music, which was one of the first examples of broadcasting. Programming and release strategies in film and televisionConglomerates strategically release movie or television shows based on daily, weekly, or yearly competition. For example, TV networks usually release pilots, upfronts, and sweeps in the spring, broadcast reruns in the summer, show premieres in the fall, and run mid-season replacements in the winter. Similarly with films, blockbusters and smaller movies are released inthe spring, blockbusters in the summer, and holiday shopping films in the fall, and the winter is award season. The influence of systems of evaluation and measurement (i.e. Nielsen or focus groups) on the production of content.Focus groups, such as political polls, response cards, telephone surveys, viewing diaries, and Nielsen ratings (representation of households, demographic stats, viewing diaries/meters, etc) were used to determine what kind of shows people were interested in and/or watching, and who was watching said shows. This kind of information, though sometimes measured with at least some inaccuracy, influenced industries what kind of programs to create.The importance of branding for media conglomeratesIt is important for media conglomerates to brand their markets for several reasons. Branding is a way forthe conglomerate to get itself known to the public (name recognition). Once the “image” of the conglomerate is familiarized by the public, it will essentially increase popularity in the products of the conglomerate, such as ratings for a television show. Branding is also useful for conglomerates to make more money off of products already in existence, such as a sequel to a successful film. If the film had highratings and created a huge profit for the industry, then it would be wise to create a sequel to the film andadvertise for it as much as possible to maximize profits. Branding also builds a certain kind of audience that is loyal to the conglomerate. For example, the Disney Channel is known to play shows for young children, therefore young children, the target audience, are loyal to the conglomerate in the sense that they keep watching the shows they produce and buy the merchandise created from