“IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Implementation And Measurement Of Current Consumption”byRajan RaiAdvisor : Dr. James M. ConradCommittee : Dr. Ivan L. HowittDr. Yogendra P. KakadElectrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentPresentation OverviewnResearch ObjectivenIEEE 802.15.4nHardware DescriptionnSoftware DevelopmentnSetup for current measurementnComparison with existing resultsnLimitation and future development Research ObjectiveTo develop a test bench for IEEE802.15.4 wireless data transmission which can:1. Transmit data using IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. 2. Measure the current consumption of the micro-controller and the RF chip.IEEE 802.15.4Why IEEE 802.15.4 ?n Designed for low-data-rate, low-power-consumption, and low-cost applications.n The complexity of Bluetooth makes it expensive and inappropriate for some simple applications requiring low cost and low power consumption.n Bluetooth also lacks flexibility in its topologies. n Test bench to do an analysis recently drafted protocol.IEEE 802.15.4n 16 channels in the 2450 MHz band, 10 channels in the 915 MHz band, and 1 channel in the 868 MHz bandn Over-the-air data rates of 250 kb/s, 40 kb/s, and 20 kb/sn Star or peer-to-peer operationn Allocation of guaranteed time slots (GTSs)n Low power consumptionn Link quality indication (LQI)Hardware UsednSTK 500nSTK 501nATmega 128LnCoulomb Counter - DS2740UBnCC2420DBKSTK500 and STK501JTAG ICE MKII STK 501RS232 Serial CableJTAG connectorATmega 128LHeadersSTK 500Features for Atmel ATmega128LnHigh-performance, Low-power AVR 8-bit Microcontrollern 128K Bytes of In-System reprogrammable flash, 4 Kbytes EEPROM and 4 Kbytes internal SRAM.n SPI Interfacen JTAG Interfacen 8 bit ,16 bit Timer/Counters and Watchdog Timern ISP InterfaceFeatures of Chipcon CC2420n2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver with PHY and MAC supportnLow current consumption (RX: 19.7 mA, TX: 17.4 mA) nLow supply voltage (2.1 – 3.6 V) with integrated voltage regulator nLow supply voltage (1.6 – 2.0 V) with external voltage regulator nVery few external components n128(RX) + 128(TX) byte data buffering nDigital RSSI / LQI supportCC2420DBK Evaluation boardRS-232 Serial CableJTAGATmega 128 LCHIPCON CC2420CC2420DBK Evaluation boardCoulomb Counter - DS2740UBn15-Bit or 13-bit Bidirectional Current Measurementn Analog Input Filter (IS1,IS2)Extends Dynamic Range for Pulse-Load Applicationsn Current Accumulation Registern Dallas 1 Wire Interfacen Low Power Consumption Coulomb-Counter - PrototypenDS2740 Coulomb Counter evaluation board based on George Sandler’s design.JTAG ATmega 128LPull up resistorSoftware DevelopmentnCompiler - WinAVR nDebugger - AVR Studio 4.0 nJTAG MK II ConnectorLibrary Stackn Chipcon RF Communication Library n One Wire Libraryn UART LibraryLibrary Stack - RF Communication nAssociation, scanning, beacons is not implementednNo defined coordinator/device roles (peer-to-peer, all nodes are equal)nWaits for the channel to become ready, but does not check CCA twice (802.15.4 CSMA-CA)nDoes not retransmit packetsnCan not communicate with other networks (using a different PAN identifier)nShort addresses onlySetup for current measurementSetup for current measurementSetup for current measurementComparison with existing work8.538.5-2589.649.9-15710.6811.2-10611.8612.5-7513.1113.9-5414.0915.2-3315.0716.5-1216.2417.401Measured Current, It(i), mATransmit Current, It(i), mATransmit Power, Pt(i), dBmIndex, iTypical Current Consumption of CC2420 and Mr. Neto’smeasurements 011621369.8Average01162147415.01162147414.01162147413.01162147412.01162116111.01162147410.0116208499.0116214748.0116214747.0116214746.0116208495.0116214744.0116214743.0116214742.0116214741.Transmit Power, Pt(i), dBmPacket Size(no. of bytes)Current( µA)Reading NumberCurrent consumption measurement using Coulomb CounterAnalysisn Average current consumption reading 21.3698 mAn Current consumption of the ATmega128L at 3.3 V is approximately 4.5mA. n According to the CC2420 data sheet , the maximum current consumption while transmitting data is 17.4mA. n Results observed using the coulomb counter is slightly less than the theoretical result. n If Mr. Neto’s results are used as a reference, the Coulomb counter reading should be sum of 4.5mA and 16.24mA, or 20.7mA which is very close to the results noted using the Coulomb Counter. Limitation and Future Development Conversion period for 13 bit resolution is 0.875s. Implementation of full fledge IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Efficient code Implementation.References[1] E. Callaway, P. Gorday, L. Hester, J.A.Gutierrez, M. Naeve, B. Heile, V.Bahl “Home Networking with IEEE 802.15.4: A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks”, IEEE Communication Magazine, August 2002.[2] IEEE Standards Publications IEEE Std 802.15.4™-2003 Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf[3] Chipcon, “SmartRF® CC2420: 2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee RF Transceiver,”http://www.chipcon.com/files/CC2420_Data_Sheet_1_2.pdf.[4] Chipcon, “User Manual Rev1.3 SmartRF ® CC2420DBK Demonstration Board Kit ”http://www.chipcon.com/files/CC2420DBK_User_Manual_1_3.pdf[5] Chipcon, CC2420DBK Libraries. It’s the basic RF library http://www.chipcon.com/files/CC2420DBK_Libraries_Release_1_1.zip.AcknowledgementsnDr.James M. ConradnDr. Ivan L. HowittnDr. Yogendra P. KakadnMurari Raghavan and Assad AnsarinGeorge Sandler and Joseph Lee
View Full Document
Unlocking...