HN 132 Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. How much fat do you need each day?II. What are fats and why do we need them?III. FatIV. Three types of lipids found in foods and in your bodyV. TriglycerideVI. Fatty Acids Outline of Current Lecture I. You need to consume a specific amount of essential fatty acids dailyII. Phospholipids III. SterolsIV. What happens to the fat you eat?Current LectureI. You need to consume a specific amount of essential fatty acids dailyA. Between 5 and 10 percent of the total calories in your diet should come from linoleic acidB. Alpha-linolenic acid should make up 0.6 to 1.2 percent of your total caloriesII. Phospholipids: have glycerol backbone but two fatty acids and a phosphorus groupC. Phosphorus containing head is hydrophilicD. Fatty acid tail is hydrophobicE. Cell membranes made of phospholipid bilayer F. Major phospholipid in cell membrane = lecithin G. Lecithin used as emulsifier in foods such as salad dressings to keep oils and water mixed togetherThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. SterolsA. Sterols are comprised mainly of four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen1. Example: cholesterol a. Important role in cell membrane structureb. Precursor of important compounds in bodyc. Not required in diet since body makes all cholesterol neededIV. What happens to the fat you eat?A. Mouth: chewing, lingual lipaseB. Stomach: gastric lipase: diglyceride and one fatty acidC. Small intestine:1. Bile acids: emulsify fat2. Pancreatic lipase: two fatty acids and glycerol3. Lecithin in bile packaged with monoglycerides and fatty acids to create micelles for absorption4. Short-chain fatty acids enter bloodstream and travel to liver5. Long-chain fatty acids enter lymph and need transport carriersD. Lipoproteins transport fat through the lymph and blood1. Chylomicrons: carry digested fat through lymph into bloodstream2. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL): deliver fat made in liver to cells 3. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL, “bad” cholesterol): deposit cholesterol on walls of arteries4. High-density lipoproteins (HDL, “good” cholesterol): remove cholesterol from body and deliver to liver for
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