Residential Segregation Dimensions Facts and Potential Solutions with thanks to the Lewis Mumford Center SUNYAlbany Tools for Studying Residential Segregation Census tracts multi block areas in cities Exposure and Isolation indices 0 100 Index of Isolation e g the Average White lives in a neighborhood that is 80 white Index of Exposure e g the average White lives in a neighborhood that is 7 Black Index of Dissimilarity 0 100 the percentage of one group that would have to move in order for all census tracts to have the same racial ethnic distribution as the city Residential Segregation Diversity Experienced in Each Group s Typical Neighborhood National Metropolitan Average Whites Asians Hispanics Blacks Whites Blacks Whites Hispanics 20 As Blacks White 40 Black Asians Hispanics Hispanics As Whites Whites 0 Blacks Blacks Hisp 60 Hispanic 80 Asian As 100 Other Source Lewis Mumford Center University at Albany Indices of Dissimilarity Black White Segregation 1980 2000 by black in metro area in 2000 77 9 72 1 80 0 72 6 73 9 57 1 70 0 60 0 68 0 60 2 50 0 66 3 65 1 44 9 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 20 0 12 2 11 9 9 9 5 6 3 5 10 8 8 10 20 Metro black Change 2000 1980 1990 2000 Change 20 Total 1990 1980 Hispanic White Segregation Hispanic White Segregation 1980 2000 by metro Hispanic 60 0 52 9 50 1 50 0 50 3 35 2 49 2 40 0 50 8 44 7 53 4 51 6 39 7 30 0 20 0 10 0 4 5 4 5 0 3 0 0 5 5 10 1020 0 5 20 0 8 Total Metro Hispanic Change 2000 1990 1980 1980 1990 2000 Change Asian White Segregation Asian White Segregation 1980 2000 by metro Asian 50 0 42 4 45 0 40 0 35 0 45 0 43 0 36 7 41 2 43 3 44 6 45 1 38 2 42 1 30 0 25 0 20 0 15 0 10 0 5 0 1 5 0 9 0 0 5 510 1 7 1020 0 1 20 0 9 Change Total Metro Asian Change 2000 1990 1990 1980 The Most and Least Segregated Top 50 Metro Areas Black White Detroit 85 Milwaukee 82 New York 82 Chicago 81 Newark 80 Augusta GA 46 Raleigh Durham 46 Norfolk 46 Riverside 46 Greenville SC 46 Massey and Denton American Apartheid The Black Ghetto was deliberately constructed by whites through a series of private decisions and institutional practices Racial discrimination persists at remarkably high levels in U S housing markets Residential segregation concentrates poverty Where one lives significantly influences one s life chances Massey and Denton cont Barriers to spatial mobility are barriers to social mobility Historic confinement of blacks to the ghetto meant that blacks shared few political interests with whites unlike European immigrants Insures social and economic isolation from White society Inner city speech patterns have evolved away from standard American English Ghetto dwellers developed an oppositional culture a code of the street Residential Segregation Some Questions Is racial residential segregation a serious problem for American society What are the causes of residential segregation What are some potential solutions to residential segregation Resolving the Problems of Residential Segregation Enforce anti discrimination policies in housing legislation Change White attitudes about Black neighbors Create opportunities for ghetto residents to relocate Conclusions Black White segregation is deeper and more entrenched than that involving other racial and ethnic minorities 2 Black White segregation has been declining gradually over time 3 Asian White and Hispanic White segregation has increased slightly during the past 20 years 1 Conclusions continued 4 Older cities in the Midwest and Northeast remain among the most segregated 5 Rapidly growing cities in the South and West are among the least segregated 6 Where one grows up has a significant effect on what happens to one later in life