8.17.09 1 3.04 Organic Chemistry 8.17.09 2 3.04 Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Study of carbon containing compounds. Everything else is considered inorganic. Over 5 million chemicals known of these 200 - 300 thousands are inorganic. Why are there so many organic compounds?8.17.09 3 3.04 Organic Chemistry Difference between organic and inorganic is C-atom ability to form very long chain Inorganic compound will become unstable after with 12 or more atoms. C-atoms ability to form very strong covalent bond means molecules can possess 100 or more atoms 8.17.09 6 3.04 Organic Chemistry HC CH8.17.09 7 3.04 Organic Chemistry OHO8.17.09 8 3.04 Organic Chemistry Organic Compounds cyclo Aliphatics Hydrocarbons Heteroatoms Aromatic Aliphatics Alkane Alkene Alkyne O!CH!3!CH!3!C!NH!O!CnH2n+2 CnH2n CnH2n-28.17.09 9 3.04 Organic Chemistry Alkanes CnH2n+2 Hydrocarbons with only single bonds Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6 Propane C3H8 Butane C4H10 Pentane C5H12 8.17.09 10 3.04 Organic Chemistry # ofCMolecularFormulaPrefix AlkanenameStructure and isomersgroupname1 CH4meth- methane CH4methyl2 C2H6eth- ethane ethyl3 C3H8prop- propane propyl, i-propyl4 C4H10but- butane, butyl, iso-butylsec-butyl, tert-butyl5 C5H12pent- pentane, , pentyl6 C6H14hex- hexane etc...-7 C7H16hept- heptane -8 C8H18oct- octane -9 C9H20non- nonane -10 C10H22dec- decane -8.17.09 11 3.04 Organic Chemistry Alkyl group - An important idea in the naming scheme is the group of atoms attached to a carbon chain. These have yl - suffix. First 5 alkyl groups and their isomers: 1. Methyl 2. Ethyl 3. Propyl: n-propyl, isopropyl 4 .Butyl: n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl 5. Pentyl: n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-butyl (Assignment, write the stick figures of these alkyl groups HHCHHHHHCHHCCHHHHHHCCHHHHHmethane  methyl ethane  ethyl H3CCCH3CHHHCH3H2CCH2H2C CH3CH2H2CH2CCH3CH2H3C CHCH3H3CCHCH3CH2CH3CCH3H3C8.17.09 12 3.04 Organic Chemistry 2 38.17.09 13 3.04 Organic Chemistry Alkenes CnH2n • Alkynes CnH2n-2 Hydrocarbons with multiple bonds - Ethene, C2H4 - Ethyne,C2H2 - Propene, C3H6 - Propyne, C3H4 Note: If there is more than one multiple bond  poly unsaturated i.e., 8.17.09 14 3.04 Organic Chemistry RCOHRHOdark with enzyme Signals optic nerve cell Visual pigment (rhodopsin)8.17.09 15 3.04 Organic Chemistry Name -Suffixgroup Example1 Aliphatics -ane, -ene,-yen, , , , propane, propene, proyne2 Alcohol -ol = propanol3 Ether - ether, ethylpropylether4 Aldehydes -al , propanal5 Ketones -one, propanone6 Carboxylicacid-oic acid, propanoic acid7 Ester -ate, methyl propanoate8 amine -amine, triethyl amine9 amide -amide, N-methylpropamideC CC CC COHOHR O R'OR COHC OHRCOR'CORCOOHCOOHRCOO R'COORNR'R'NNR'R'RCONHCO8.17.09 16 3.04 Organic Chemistry What is the Chemical Formula for the following alkanes: Draw the condensed structural formulas and the stick form for the following i) heptane ii) 2-pentanol Identify the functional group for each compound: COCCH3CCNH2HOHHOOHOCONHHCH3COC CH3CCNH2HOHHOOH