Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Geologic Story of Minnesota(as told by its rocks and dirt)Part III: QuaternaryDepositsBedrock GeologyBedrock GeologyGlacial GeologyGlacial GeologyThe Pleistocene EpochTHE ICE AGE~2,000,000,000-10,000 yearsMyrdasjokull Ice Cap, S. Iceland, 1999, C.J. PattersonZone of AccumulationZone of AblationAdvanceErosionRetreatDepositionGlaciers: Nature’s BulldozerPowerful Agents of Erosionglacial striationsDirty IceDeposits from IceTillDeposits from MeltwaterOutwashCommon Continental Glacial Landformsformed during glacial retreatRecessional Recessional Moraines Moraines DriftlessDriftlessAreaAreaGlacial OutwashPlainsAlaskaIcelandPro-glacial LakesLake-riddledGround MoraineFormation of Kettle LakesESKERSsubglacial river depositsDRUMLINSStream-linedHillsToimi DrumlinsSt.Louis/Lake Cos.Minnesota’s Landscape: The Legacy of the GlaciersThe Invasion of the Canadian Ice LobesGlacial Deposits of MinnesotaGlacial Deposits and Soil TypesLaurentide Ice Sheet – 14,000 years agoLaurentide Ice Sheet – 10,000 years agoLaurentide Ice Sheet – 8,000 years agoThe Tale of Two Pro-glacial LakesGlacial Lake AgazziThe Mother of All Pro-glacial LakesGlacial River Warren/Glacial River Warren/Minnesota RiverMinnesota RiverThe SpillwayThe SpillwayBemis MoraineBemis MoraineThe DamThe DamBuriedRiver Channel--Phalen Lake--Gervais Lake-- Lake Vadnais--Pleasant LakeSt. Paul - TodaySt. Paul - Today1-1.5 miles150-200’St. Paul – 12,000 years agoSt. Paul – 12,000 years agoMississippi-Minnesota River ConfluenceMississippi-Minnesota River ConfluenceBranching off of Minnehaha FallsBranching off of Minnehaha FallsFord Lock & Dam183518881902TodaySt. Anthony Falls12,000 Years in the Makingthe