Announcements CMPE 257 Wireless and Mobile Networking Spring 2005 Bluetooth CMPE 257 Spring 2003 1 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 2 Today Bluetooth Simulation Results CMPE 257 Spring 2003 3 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 4 1 Reliable Delivery Ratio over MAODV Experimental Setup Qualnet simulator 802 11 MAC with 371m radio range 50 nodes in a 1500x1500 area Random node placement Two different underlying multicast routing protocols MAODV and ODMRP Application data size 512 bytes 5 sources and 10 group members CMPE 257 Spring 2003 5 Reliable Delivery Ratio over ODMRP CMPE 257 Spring 2003 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 6 Average Goodput MAODV 7 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 8 2 Average Goodput ODMRP Bluetooth CMPE 257 Spring 2003 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 9 Cable Replacement 1 Mb s Range 10 meters PANs Single chip radio Low power low cost Applications Synchronization Why not use Wireless LANs power cost CMPE 257 Spring 2003 10 11 Automatic synchronization of calendars address books business cards CMPE 257 Spring 2003 12 3 Applications Cordless Headset More applications Cordless headset Multiple device access Hands free operation CMPE 257 Spring 2003 13 Conference table Cordless computer Instant photo transmission Cordless phone CMPE 257 Spring 2003 14 Bluetooth on the market PC cards Cell phones Head sets Chip sets Company Features Applications Cost Toshiba Motorola Digianswer 20 dBm 100 m Point to multipoint No Scatternet 0 dBm 10 m Point to multipoint No Scatternet 10 m user user 100 m user Base Station Point to multipoint SW FW upgradeable 10 m user user Point to point Connectivity Battery for the cell phone 10 m user user Point to point ARM processor USB RFCOMM ports File Transfer Dial UpNetworking LAN access Fax File Transfer Dial UpNetworking LAN access Fax File Transfer Dial UpNetworking LAN access Fax E mail Unconscious connection File Transfer Dial UpNetworking LAN access Fax E mail Unconscious connection 169 200 IBM TDK 3COM Nokia Ericsson Sigma Basic BT Radio stack Embedded or Host stack Programmable Bluetooth WG History May 1998 Bluetooth SIG is formed 169 149 149 Promoter company group Ericsson IBM Intel Nokia Toshiba Goal develop license free technology for universal wireless connectivity Target handheld market Bluetooth spec defines RF wireless communication interface and protocols 500 1500 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 15 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 16 4 Bluetooth WG History May 1998 Public announcement of Bluetooth SIG July 1999 1 0A spec 1 500 pages published December 1999 version 1 0B released December 1999 promoters increases to 9 More History Recently IEEE 803 15 1 standard for Wireless PANs WPANs Only MAC and PHY 3Com Lucent Microsoft Motorola February 2000 1 800 adopters February 2001 version 1 1 out CMPE 257 Spring 2003 17 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 18 Bluetooth Protocol Stack Goals Low cost Power efficiency Single chip implementation early implementations are double chip These goals defined Link speed Communication range Transmit power CMPE 257 Spring 2003 Applications Radio part of baseband Physical layer RFCOMM SDP L2CAP Host Controller Interface Link Manager Link Controller Baseband RF 19 Single chip with RS 232 USB or PC card interface CMPE 257 Spring 2003 20 5 Radio Band Public i e no need for licenses Available worldwide Industrial Scientific Medical ISM band Unlicensed Radio Spectrum 26 Mhz 902 Mhz Unlicensed globally available Centered around 2 4 GHz cordless phones baby monitors Wireless LANs CMPE 257 Spring 2003 21 Bluetooth Radio Link MA scheme Frequency hopping spread spectrum 2 402 GHz k MHz k 0 78 1 600 hops per second 1 Mb s data rate Master node defines sequence to be used Slave units use master id to pick sequence CMPE 257 Spring 2003 unused 22 23 Separation of Xmission and reception in time one chip implementation Units alternately transmits and receives Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying GFSK modulation Number of hopping sequences defined 802 11 Bluetooth Microwave oven 5 785 Ghz Time division duplex TDD 79 83 5 Mhz 5 725 Ghz 2 4835 Ghz BT Radio Link Cont d 125 Mhz CMPE 257 Spring 2003 1Mhz 5cm 83 5 Mhz 2 4 Ghz 928 Mhz Frequency hopping Range 10cm to 10m 12 3 12cm 33cm 1 s as positive frequency deviations from carrier frequency 0 s as negative deviations CMPE 257 Spring 2003 24 6 Baseband Multiple Access BT targets large number of independent communications active in the same area at the same time Single FH channel 1 Mb s Each 1Mb s channel shared by limited number of participants RFCOMM SDP L2CAP Host Controller Interface In practice 79 Mb s since codes are nonorthogonal CMPE 257 Spring 2003 Carries out MAC functions Baseband RF CMPE 257 Spring 2003 26 Piconets considerations BT communication takes place over piconets Piconet formation initiated by master All other participants are slaves Number of participants limited to 8 1 master and 7 slaves Link Controller 25 Piconets Link Manager In target user scenarios it s unlikely that all units in range will share data among all of them 1 MB s is reasonable is it Theoretically total bandwidth is 79 Mb s Control end of baseband link controller Data link layer Applications Channel capacity and addressing overhead Each slave assigned a locally unique ID Master slave role last for the duration of the piconet CMPE 257 Spring 2003 27 Most target applications involve local communication among small group of devices Piconets with up to 8 nods match well If many groups of devices active simultaneously each group as separate piconet Overlapping piconets can coexist CMPE 257 Spring 2003 28 7 Contention Free MA Master and slaves Master performs medium access control BT States Standby Schedules traffic through polling Inquiry Time slots alternate between master and slave transmission Master slave master includes slave address Slave master only slave chosen by master in previous master slave slot allowed to transmit If master has data to send to a slave slave polled implicitly otherwise explicit poll CMPE 257 Spring 2003 Page Connecting Transmit Connected Park Hold Initially all nodes in standby Node master can begin inquiry to find nearby devices Piconet is then formed Devices join by paging Active Sniff Low power 29 CMPE 257 Spring 2003 Inquiry Paging Unconnected Device discovery Listeners respond with their address CMPE 257 Spring 2003 31 30 Master Active Slave Device enters paging to invite others to join its piconet Establishes links with nodes in proximity Paging message unicast to selected receiver Receiver sends ACK Sender becomes master receiver slave Parked Slave