SOCI 205 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to StratificationOutline of Current Lecture II. What is Stratification?III. Views of InequalityIV. Standards of EqualityV. Forms of StratificationVI. How is America Stratified?VII. Global StratificationVIII. Social MobilityCurrent LectureTypes of Stratification- Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy.- Stratification: structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society.- A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy based on their access to scarce resources.- Social inequality: condition in which members of society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.Views of Inequality• Jean-Jacques Rousseau – private property and social inequality• Ferguson, Miller, and Malthus:Paradox: Inequality is a result of surplusPositive view of inequality (assets)?Malthusian poverty gap (population control) • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel:most social relationships were based on a master-slave model/dialectic.over time, society would have more and more free people and the master-slave model would die out as the primary social relationship.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Standards of Equality- Ontological Equality is the notion that everyone is created equal in the eyes of God.- Equality of Opportunityo Inequality is acceptable so long as everyone has the same opportunities for advancement and is judged by the same standards.- Equality of Condition o The idea that everyone should have an equal starting point from which to pursuehis or her goals- Equality of Outcomeo Everyone in a society should end up with the same “rewards” regardless of starting point, opportunities, or contributions.Forms of Stratification- The estate system is a politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility- The caste system is a system of stratification based on hereditary notions of religious andtheological purity and generally offers no prospects for social mobility- The class system is an economically based system of stratification with somewhat loose social mobility based on roles in the production process rather than individual characteristics- Karl Marx felt that society was divided strictly into two classes — the proletariat, or working class, and the bourgeoisie, or employing class. - Max Weber’s concept of class is based on grouping people according to the value of their property or labor in the commercial marketplace.- Erik Olin Wright:o Contradictory class locations, which is the idea that people can occupy locations in the class structure that fall between the two “pure” classes defined by Marx. - The status hierarchy system is a system of stratification based on social prestige.- The elite-mass dichotomy system is a system of stratification that has a governing elite — a few leaders who broadly hold the power of society.How is America stratified?- Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to an individual’s position in a stratified social order.- Income money received by a person for work, from transfers (gifts, inheritances, or government assistance), or from returns on investments.- Wealth a family’s or individual’s net worth (that is, total assets minus total debts).- Upper class, middle class, working class, and poor.Global Inequality- Globalization & technology- Geography and disease- Social institutions- Taking a broad view of history, it is clear that global inequality has increased dramaticallyin the past 500 years. Social Mobility- Social mobility the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society can be either horizontal or vertical and can take place on the individual or group level.- Structural mobility is mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy, such as the expansion of high-tech jobs in the past 20 years. - Exchange mobility occurs when people essentially trade positions — the number of overall jobs stays the same, with some people moving up into better jobs and others moving down into worse ones.- Status-attainment model ranks individuals by socioeconomic status and seeks to specify the attributes characteristic of people who end up in more desirable