NAME _____________________________ 1 BIOLOGY 205/SECTION 7 DEVELOPMENT- LILJEGREN Third Examination – April 1, 2010 Put your name at the top of each page. Please read each question carefully before answering- i.e. read the instructions. In all answers, be as specific as possible, while respecting the amount of space allotted for each answer. Use of calculators and cell phones is prohibited during the exam. No regrades for exams done in pencil. 1.) (4 pts) Name the starting and ending molecules for each of the following key biological processes: Translation Transcription ______ ______ ______ ______ 2.) (1 pt) Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes the three germ layers during (A) Determination Write letter here _____ (B) Cleavage (C) Induction (D) Gastrulation (E) Fertilization 3.) (8 pts) We talked about rules of evidence in Developmental Biology. What are the three main types of evidence, in order from weakest to strongest? 1. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________ What type of evidence do each of the following experiments represent? (write 1, 2, or 3 in the blank based on your answers above): ______ Misexpression of pax6 gene in fly wings results in ectopic eye formation ______ Localization of gurken protein at the dorsal side of fly embryos ______ Using a synthetic fibronectin competitor to block gastrulation ______ Measuring changes in cell adhesion during gastrulation ______ Transplanting gray crescent cells into a normal frog embryo results in a tadpole with a 2nd dorsal/ventral axis 4.) (2 pts, Circle one) In Drosophila, development of haploid mutant embryos has been studied. If scientists were to experimentally double the cytoplasmic content of haploid mutant eggs, they should go through one more or two more or one less or two less cell division(s) than an egg with the normal amount of DNA and cytoplasm.NAME _____________________________ 2 5.) (1 pt) You are studying an organism which exhibits regulative development through the second cell division, then switches to mosaic development. What would you expect to result from separating a two-celled embryo into individual cells? (Circle one) two entire embryos OR two embryo halves 6.) (2 pts) Which of the following are correct statements about the cell-cell communication that takes place during the mating process in yeast? Write letter(s) here _______ (A) ‘alpha’ cells and ‘a’ cells are competent to respond to the ‘alpha’ pheromone (B) ‘a’ cells are competent to respond to the ‘alpha’ pheromone (C) ‘alpha’ cells are competent to respond to the ‘alpha’ pheromone (D) ‘alpha’ diploid cells produce alpha pheromone which binds to the receptor produced by ‘a’ diploid cells (E) ‘alpha’ haploid cells produce ‘a’ pheromone which binds to the receptor produced by ‘a’ haploid cells 7.) (3 pts) We’ve talked about the key contributions of several scientists to our understanding of development. Match the names of the following scientists to their respective discoveries. Some names will not be used as answers. (A) Pieter Nieuwkoop (E) Lewis Wolpert (B) August Weismann (F) Wilhelm Roux (C) Nicolas Hartsoeker (G) Hans Driesch (D) Hilde Mangold (H) William Harvey _____ “Ex ovo omnia” _____ The dorsal blastopore lip can induce gastrulation. _____ Cells can adjust to alterations in their neighbors and environment. 8.) (3 pts) Arrange the following in order of size, from largest to smallest. (A) Diameter of an average protein (D) A mouse egg (B) A fly egg (E) Diameter of a typical somatic cell (C) Length of DNA encoding an average (F) Easter egg (chicken egg) gene (unwound) _____>_____>_____>_____>_____>_____ 9.) (1 pt) The relationship of the size of the Drosophila genome to the Arabidopsis genome is like which of the following genome relationships: Write letter(s) here _____ (A) Mouse to Arabidopsis (B) C. elegans to Zebrafish (C) Arabidopsis to C. elegans (D) Drosophila to Mouse (E) Xenopus to C. elegans 10.) (1 pt) Premature hatching of the blastocyst from the zona pellucida can cause ____________________________________________________________________ .NAME _____________________________ 3 11.) (1 pt) Ovulation tests measure which of the following hormones? (more than one answer may be correct) (A) Follicle stimulating hormone Write letter(s) here _______ (B) Testosterone (C) Estrogen (D) Progesterone (E) Luteinizing hormone (F) Human chorionic gonadotropin 12.) (4 pts) Draw and describe two types of cell movements in frog gastrulation which do not occur in sea urchin. Specify the type of cell movement, the identity of the cells and which germ layer they become part of. 13.) (3 pts) What are the two primary functions of the blastocoel? a._____________________________________________________________________ b._____________________________________________________________________ c. What happens if cells from the roof of the blastocoel are placed next to cells from the base of the blastocoel? ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 14.) (2 pts) Which of the following are correct statements? (A) The endoderm gives rise to the blood Write letter(s) here ___________ (B) The mesoderm gives rise to the stomach (C) The mesoderm gives rise to the heart (D) The mesoderm gives rise to the lungs (E) The ectoderm gives rise to the brain (F) The endoderm gives rise to the liver 15.) (3 pts) For the following cell types, indicate whether they are somatic or germ line. Sperm _______________ Kidney _______________ Uterus _______________NAME _____________________________ 4 16.) (8 pts) Mark each of the following questions as T or F and for any that is/are false, indicate briefly why in the space below. a. T F Nurse cells synthesize macromolecules delivered through adherens junctions. _____________________________________________________________________ b. T F Epiblast cells are derived from the inner cell mass of mammalian blastocysts. _____________________________________________________________________ c. T F All cell types express
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