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Raj JainThe Ohio State University1ISDNISDNRaj JainProfessor of CISThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/Raj JainThe Ohio State University2OverviewOverviewq Historyq Interfaces and protocol layersq Reference pointsq AddressingRaj JainThe Ohio State University3Integrated Digital NetworksIntegrated Digital Networksq Integrated ⇒ Both transmission and Switchingq Access was still analogAnalogSwitchFDMFDMAnalogSwitchFDMFDMAnalogSwitch(a) NonintegratedDigitalSwitchTDMPCMDigitalSwitchDigitalSwitch(b) IntegratedTDMPCMRaj JainThe Ohio State University4Int. Service Digital NetworkInt. Service Digital Networkq Past: IDN = Integrated Digital Network⇒ Standardized digital techniques for switching andtransmission (T1 etc)q 1980: ISDN ⇒ Integrated access to all services⇒ Digital end-to-end (Digital subscriber loop)q One set of interfaces for all services at multiple speedsq Supports both circuit switching and packet switchingq Out-of-band signaling. Sophisticated networkmanagement and maintenance using Signaling System7 (SS7)q Layered protocol architectureRaj JainThe Ohio State University5HistoryHistoryq 1968: Study Group D set by CCITT to study digitalvoiceq 1972: G.702 Integrated digital switching andtransmission (IDN) conceptq 1976: Digital switching and signaling (SS7) specq 1980: G.705 - One page recommendation on ISDNq 1984: First set of standards in 1984.Inconsistent and incomplete.q 1988: Revised set of standards.Implementation feasible.q 1992: Additional revisionsRaj JainThe Ohio State University6ISDN ArchitectureISDN Architecturenon-switched⇒ dedicated⇒ PermanentTE NTISDNSwitchSubscriberorProvider>64 kbpsnonswitched>64 kbpsswitched64 kbps ckt nonswitched64 kbps ckt switchedX.25PacketswitchingFrame ModeCCSISDNSwitchUser-NetworksignalingUser-NetworksignalingNetworkSubscriberPremisesPossibly ATMRaj JainThe Ohio State University7ISDN ChannelsISDN Channelsq B: 64 kbps for data or voiceq D: 16 or 64 kbps for signaling or packet switched dataq H: 384 kbps (H0), 1536 kbps (H11), 1920 kbps (H12)Raj JainThe Ohio State University8q Basic Rate Interface (BRI): 2B + D = 2 × 64 + 16= 144 kbps (192 kbps total)q Primary Rate Interface (PRI): For LANs or PBXm 23 B + D = 23 × 64 + 64 = 1.544 Mbpsm 30 B+ D = 30 × 64 + 64 = 1.920 Mbps = 5H0+DE1- 64 kbps Framing+mgmtISDN Access InterfacesISDN Access InterfacesPRIBBDBRIBBBBBDRaj JainThe Ohio State University9Other PRI InterfacesOther PRI Interfacesq PRI H0:m 3H0+D or 4H0 = 1.544 Mbpsm 5H0+D = 2.048 Mbpsq PRI H1:m One H11 in 1.544 Mbpsm One H12 in 2.048 Mbpsq PRI for Mixture of B and H0:m 0 or 1 D and any combination of B and H0, e.g.,3H0+5B+D or 3H0+6B for 1.544 MbpsRaj JainThe Ohio State University10Functional GroupingsFunctional Groupingsq Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1): ISDN terminalq Terminal Equipment 2 (TE2): Non-ISDN terminal,e.g., POTq Terminal Adapter (TA): Allows non-ISDN devices onISDNq Network Termination 1 (NT1): Physical layer device.Separates user premises from phone company. Ownedby user in USA. Owned by PTT in many countries.q Network Termination 2 (NT2): OSI layers 2-3, e.g.,PBX, LANq Network Termination 1,2 (NT12): NT1 + NT2Raj JainThe Ohio State University11Functional GroupingsFunctional Groupingsq NT1:m Physical and electrical terminal of ISDN at userm Isolates the user from the transmission technologyof the subscriber loopm Line maintenance functions such as loop backtesting and monitoringm Bit multiplexes various B and D channelsm Supports multi-drop lines ⇒ Telephone, personalcomputer, and alarm on one NT1q NT2: Digital PBX, LAN, Terminal controllerSwitching and concentrationRaj JainThe Ohio State University12ISDN Reference PointsISDN Reference Pointsq Rate (R): Between Non-ISDN and Terminal Adapter.Uses X or V series recommendations.q System (S): Between ISDN equipment and NT2.Separates user equipment from switching equipment.q Terminal (T): Between NT2 and NT1.Separates network from user.q User (U): U interface not defined by ITU.Defined in North America since NT owned by user.TE1TE1TE2TE2TE1 or TE2+TATE1 or TE2+TATATANT2NT2NT1NT1NT12NT12NT2NT2NT1NT1RSTURaj JainThe Ohio State University13Protocol Reference ModelProtocol Reference Modelq Similar to OSI 7-layer modelq Separate user, control, and management planesq Control = signalingq Management = network diagnosis, maintenance, andoperationPhysical MediumControlUserManagement234675Raj JainThe Ohio State University14ISDN Protocols at UNIISDN Protocols at UNIControlSignalingPacketCktswitchedSemipermanentPacketSwitchedEnd-to-end user signalingQ.931LAPDI.430 basic or I.431 PrimaryApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkDatalinkPhysicalX.25packetI.465/V.120 LAPBD Channel B ChannelX.25packetRaj JainThe Ohio State University15LAPDLAPDq Link Access Protocol for D Channelq Similar to HDLC and LAPBq X.25 packets are transmitted in LAPD framesq LAPD used for signaling messagesRaj JainThe Ohio State University16ISDN ServicesISDN ServicesSix types of servicesq Circuit switched calls over a B or H channelq Semi-permanent connections over a B or H channelq Packet switched calls over a B or H channelq Packet switched calls over a D channelq Frame relay calls over a B or H channelq Frame relay calls over a D channelRaj JainThe Ohio State University17ISDN AddressingISDN Addressingq E.164 designed for ISDN allows up to 15 digits= Superset of E.163 for telephony (12 digits)q Country code: 1 to 3 digitsq National Destination Code: Provider ID or Area codeq ISDN Address = ISDN number + ISDN subaddressCountryCodeNationalDestinationCodeISDNSubscriberNumberISDN Subaddress(Max 40 digits)National ISDN NumberInternational ISDN Number (max 15 digits)ISDN Address (max 55 digits)Raj JainThe Ohio State University18q X.121 Data NetworksOther Addressing StructuresOther Addressing StructuresZone Network term. numberData country code National numberCountry code National significant number9Telex destination code National telex number8Initial domain identifierDomain specific partAuthority and format identifierE.163Country code PDN codeData Network Identification Code❑ ISO 7498Raj JainThe Ohio State University19Other Addressing (Cont.)Other Addressing (Cont.)q IDI = Initial domain identifierq DSP = Domain specific partq AFI = Authority and format identifier (Sixauthorities):m Four ITU controlled: Packet-switched DataNetworks (PSDN), Telex, Packet-switchedTelephone Networks (PSTN), ISDN.m Two ISO Controlled:q ISO geographic domain: Assigned by countriesq


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