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Water SystemsEarth’s Water SupplyAquifers – Water TableCisternsSolar CollectionWater QualityWater AnalysisWater Analysis (cont.)Calcium CarbonateWater Quality ImprovementsRO systemsWater SoftenersWater SamplesCross ConnectionsCross Connection PreventionNext TimeWater SystemsPlumbing SystemsCNST 305 Environmental Systems 1Dr. Berryman3a Water System Chapter 8; Appendix B (Wentz) and 8.1- 8.3 (Toa)4.11 Analysis and Design of Construction Systems - Mechanical (6 hrs)Earth’s Water Supply97% of the earth’s water is inaccessible. Mostly in the polar caps or ocean waterThat 3%…  Aquifers – Water TableWater TableDrilled WellCisternsSolar CollectionWater QualityBased on  Water AnalysisSulfate• Nitrate• • Fluoride• •Water Analysis (cont.)pH • Iron and Manganese• • Sodium• Calcium CarbonateCalcium CarbonateCalcium CarbonateDesirable <200 ppm• 100 ppm: – soft water•100 – 200 ppm: reasonably soft•200 – 300 ppm: avg hardness•300 – 400 ppm: very hard•Over 400 ppm: extremely hard Too hard• • • • •Water Quality Improvements      RO systems• • • • residentialcommercialWater Softeners There are four components to a softener unit: a control valve (1), a saline tank (2), a resin bed (3), and a resin tank (4). The resin tank holds the resin bed, the brine tank holds water and dissolved salt solution (brine). The control valve sits on top of the tank.Water SamplesCross Connections FILMCross Connection Prevention    •Next TimeHot WaterEngineering Design3bc Water System Chapter 8; Appendix B (Wentz) and 8.1- 8.3 (Toa)4.11 Analysis and Design of Construction Systems - Mechanical (6


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UNL CNST 305 - Water Systems Plumbing Systems

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