Page 1Page 2Page 3Page 4Page 5Page 6Page 7Page 8Page 9Page 10Page 11Page 12Page 13Page 14Page 15Page 16Page 17Page 18Page 19Page 20Page 21Page 22Page 23Page 24Page 25Page 26Page 27Page 28Page 29Page 30Page 31Page 32Page 33Page 34Page 35Page 36Page 37Page 38I.01987-06 Spring 1987 SOUTHERN METHODIST UNP ADynarnic Network Mocjel for Evacuation of the Anatole Hotel Tower Angela T. Smith A DYNAMIC NETWORK MODEL FOR EVACUATIONOF THE ANATOLE HOTEL TOWER Angela T. Smith Southern Methodist UniversityOREM 4390Senior DesignMay 8, 1987 DEPARTMENT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENTSCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DALLAS, TEXAS 75275A DYNAMIC NETWORK MODEL FOR EVACUATIONOF THE ANATOLE HOTEL TOWER Angela T. Smith Southern Methodist UniversityOREM 4390Senior DesignMay 8, 1987I I I I IABSTRACT IThe complete evacuation of a building may be necessary for emergencies such as fires, bomb threats, and gas leaks. The purpose of this study isto determine the minimum evacuation timeforthe Anatole Hotel Tower.A dynamic networkmodel •was used to describe theevacuation.When solved, themodel shows the process of the,building evacuation over time.The totalevacuation time was found to be 700 seconds, or11.67 minutes for an occupancyof 1990 people.I I I I I IIBACKGROUND ITheLoewsAnatoleHotelin Dallas is located on Stenunons Freeway.Withinafewblocksofthehotel is a fire stationwhichcanrespondtoan emergency call within 3 Iminutes.Thehotelhas three sections:Atrium I, Atrium III,andthe Tower.Collectively, the hotel encompasses 1620 rooms,145suites,and over 165,000 square feet of meeting space.The focus ofthis study is the Tower. TheTower, completed in 1983, is a 25-floor facility with a totalof 720 guest rooms.Floors are numbered 1 through 27 IandthereIsneithera 10th nor a 13th floor.The first flooristhelobbyarea,whichcontainsanatrium, Irestaurants, ballrooms,the front executiveoffices,and Idesk.Thesecond floor mezzanine consists of meeting rooms andballrooms.Floors 3-26 are guest floors, with floor 27 Iconsistingofarestaurant,bar,andmeeting rooms.A typicalguestfloor has from 28-30 rooms with at least one Iroomon each floor equipped for the handicapped.Figures 1 through 4 show floor plans and room classifications. IPROBLEM DESCRIPTIONA building may be evacuated for several reasons, such as Ifire, bomb threats, and gas leaks. In the case of a large ISOUTH : .v..•jMPA 8. TYPICALGUEST FLOOR 3THRU6Anatole Hotel Expansion FigureI. Floor plan for floors 3-6.SOUTH••: _CP c /P •'•D S•• __ IDe!LL - -± i&^3J Ub cTT1DIuI. TYPICAL GUEST FLOOR7THRU23Anatole Hotel Expansior Figure 2. Floor plan for floors 7-23.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U SOUTHLA (,5t'•J. IDIDi•• _____8+• I••K': HH• TYPICAL GUEST FLOOR 24,25& 26Anatole Hotel Expansion Figure 3. Floor plan for floors 24-26.RTAUAN T- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NOTE: DUCT SMOKE DETECTOR IN AHU #15 ON 29TH FLOOR IS ON /THIS FLOOR8 SIGNAL INITIATION ZONE. T. ...... .TAMPER ALARM SWITC 27TH FLOOR NANA'S BAR & RESTAURANT Anatole Hotel Expansiot in 8-----SMOKE DETECTOR IO..._MANUAL. PULL STATIC 4-----ALARMIVOJCE SPEAKER J W. ...... .WATERFLOW DETECTO Figure 4. Floor plan for floor 27.- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I building, especially a hotel, several practice evacuations may prove difficult. For an office building, where the occupants are generally there for the entire day, a practice evacuation with all employees may not be such a difficult task. However, in the case of a hotel, guests generally do not remain in the hotel and it may be difficult to run an evacuation. Therefore, the need for a close estimate of building evacuation time is necessary for fire and safety codes. The purpose of this study is to determine the total building evacuation time for the Anatole Tower. This study focuses on a complete evacuation. Since the Anatole Tower is a high-rise building, a complete evacuation may not be implemented for some cases, such as a fire on one floor. However in other cases, a complete evacuation would be carried out and this study considers these cases. It is important to note that to date, the Anatole has not undergone a complete practice or actual evacuation. The dynamic network model developed to solve this problem produces a triple optimization result [1]. The model will: 1) Minimize the time period in which the last evacueeleaves the building,T , thereby minimizing the L total building evacuation time, II. I2)Maximize the number of people leaving the building during each time period, thereby maximizing the total number of people that leave the building, I3) Minimize the average number of time periods each evacuee needs to leave the building, T A PROBLEM ANALYSIS minimize the time necessaryUpon investigation of thewas determined that theas a network optimizationwas chosen in order to show The problem to be solved is to to evacuate the Anatole Tower building and the problem, it evacuation could be modelled model. A dynamic network model the evacuation over time. I I I II A dynamic network model shows the process of the building evacuation over a number of time periods. To produce the dynamic model, a static model is developed and then duplicated such that the dynamic model has T+l replicates of the static model, where T equals the total number of time periods to be used for the model. When solved, the dynamic model shows the actual flow of people during the evacuation for each time period. In the Tower model, the number of time periods used, T, is 100 and a time period equals 10 seconds. I I I IIU I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IA static network model was developed in which each floor was divided into two components and these components were represented by two nodes (Figure 5). The nodes can be thought of as the top of the stairwells on each floor. Arcs connecting these nodes show the flow of the evacuees via stairwells. As shown in Figure 5, evacuees go to node TRN (turnstile) after reaching node OSA (outside). In travelling from node OSA or OSB to TRN, each evacuee incurs a cost equal to the time period in which he exits the hotel. For example, an evacuee leaving the building at T=5 is charged a cost of 5 time periods when he passes through the hypothetical turnstile. In