BIOL 2457 1st Edition Lecture 2 Chapter 1I. Homeostatic imbalancea. Epidemiologyi. Discovering significance of those imbalances in populationsii. Looking at signs and symptoms associated with disorderb. Infectious Imbalancesi. Signs and symptoms1. Redness2. Swelling3. Temperature4. Past history? Is it new?5. Is it hereditary?II. Anatomical Terminologya. Craniumb. Orbitalc. Optic (ears)d. Buckle (Cheek)e. Nazalusf. Mouth (orus)g. Frontal boneh. Thorax (Above abdominal cavity)i. More than one atom combined together makes a moleculeII. Cellular levela. Bone cellsb. Muscle cellsIII. Tissuesa. Four types of tissue make up a humani. connective ii. epithelial iii. muscular iv. nervousIV. Organ levela. Different types of organs make up a systemV. Integumentary SystemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Maintains constant homeostatic balanceb. Isolates us from the outside worldc. Protects us from the outside worldd. Helps cool us and eliminate wastee. Production of vitamin DVI. Skeletal System (Bone)a. Loaded with calcium saltsb. Oxygen fibers in bone (flexibility)c. Calcium is used to contract musclesd. Calcium is stored in bonese. Bone is very malleablef. Skeleton produces blood cellsVII. Muscular systema. Shortens and contractsb. Helps maintain body heatVIII. Nervous Systema. Helps us in coordinating other systemsb. Helps us maintain internal balancec. Helps us respond to changesIX. Endocrinea. Production of hormonesb. Uses cardiovascular system to move tissues around the bodyX. Circulatory systema. Provides oxygen to cells to produce carbon dioxideXI. Indigestive Systema. Breaking down food particles into smaller componentsXII. Urinary Systema. Helps us maintain our oceanb. We carry our ocean with usc. Helps us maintain our fluids, pH, and electrolyte balanceXIII. Emphatic Systema. Helps protect us from invasionXIV.Respiratory Systema. Gets our oxygen into epithelial layerXV. Reproductive systema. The only system you can actually survive withoutXVI. Living things must have all 7 characteristics of human lifea. Basic Life processesi. Metabolism breaking things down for energy1. Catabolismbreaking them apart into individual monomers2. Anabolism adding monomers into one polymerii. Responsiveness life responds to stimulusiii. Movement locomotion1. Ex: leg musclesiv. Homeostasis: Must have internal environmental balance1. Have receptors2. Sends info to control center3. Control center sends it to effector4. The effector stimulates the responsea. Living things always change but maintain homeostatic balancev. Afferent: information going from the effector to the control center1. Sensory informationvi. Efferent: Information going from the control center to the effector1. Motory informationXVII. Negative Feedbacka. Example: Thermostatb. Hypothalamus: Starts to vasoligating to get rid of heat when temperature is highi. Therefore, you start sweatingc. Hypothalamus: Vasoconstriction to attract heat when the temperature is lowXVIII. Positive Feedbacka. Example: Child Birthi. Blood Clotting can build upii. The Stretching of the uteral wallXIX. Differentiationa. Cells begin to divideb. Different cells give rise to different types of cellsXX. Reproductiona. Sexualb. AsexualLiving things evolve and have the ability to adaptXXI. Principles of Evolutiona. Reproductionb. Natural Selectionc. Genetic Variationd. Inheritancee. Descent with modificationXXII. Autopsya. Post mortem (After death) examinationXXIII. Homeostasisa. Intercellular fluids ICFb. Extracellular fluids ECFc. Ions are a big component of homeostasisi. Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are the most important ions in the extracellular fluidsii. Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) are the most important ions in the intercellular fluids.iii. The balance between cations and anions allows us to send nerve impulsesiv. Cells produce mainly