Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture1) Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to work and to heat.2) Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions.3) Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows it to transfer a phosphate group. How is ATP hydrolysis used to make an endergonic reaction spontaneous? What is a phosphorylated intermediate?Outline of Current Lecture1) Write a summary reaction for aerobic respiration.2) List and give a description of the four stages of aerobic respiration.3) Indicate where each stage of aerobic respiration takes place in a eukaryotic cell.4) Add up the energy captured (as ATP, NADH, and FADH2) in each stage of aerobic respiration.I. Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration is Aerobic because it involves oxygen. The main purpose of Aerobic Respiration is to create ATP. The way it accomplishes it is creating NADH and FADH2, becauseonce these are sent to the electron transport chain, a lot of ATP is created, though ATP is also created during the process.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st EditionII. Stages- 1. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate in the cytosol through the process of Glycolysis and energizes two electron carrier molecules.- 2. Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A – Pyruvate it taken to the mitochondria and is oxidized, which creates a 3 carbonacetyl group. This group then binds with coenzyme A, forming acetyl coenzyme A. This is then brought back to the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle.- 3. Krebs Cycle – The acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate and creates citric acid. It does this twice to break down the original acetyl coenzyme from the one glucose molecule. These two spins create an additional two ATP molecules, along with six NADH and two FADH2 molecules that are used later.- 4. Electron Transport Chain – NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to create a massive amount of ATP. One molecule of glucose creates a total of 32 ATP molecules.III. Where it Happens- Glycolysis – Cytosol (Cytoplasm Area)- Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A – Matrix of the Mitochondria- Krebs Cycle – Matrix of the Mitochondria- Electron Transport Chain - Inner Mitochondria MembraneIV. Energy Total- The first two ATP are taken from glucose being broken into two molecules of pyruvate. The next two ATP are gotten from the Krebs Cycle by breaking down the pyruvate molecules. Finally, when NADH and FADH2 are sent down the electron transport chain, up to 32 molecules of ATP are acquired through them.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st
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