State of Charge Indicator (SOCI) Design for the Lithium CarbonMonofluoridefor the Lithium Carbon Monofluoride(Li-CFx) BatteryUniversity of Idaho – Moscow, IdahoEdward James William IIAdvisor: Dr Herb HessUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsECE 591Advisor: Dr. Herb HessAcronymsLi/CFxLithium PolycarbonMonofluorideLi/CFx –Lithium Polycarbon MonofluorideSOC – State of ChargeSOCI – State of Charge IndicatorPM – Power ModuleANN – Artificial Neural NetworkMSP430MicrocontrollerMSP430 –MicrocontrollerUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems2Overview• Introduction•The ProblemThe Problem• Li/CFx Mathematical Model•Brief Li/CFx Data CollectionBrief Li/CFx Data Collection• Training the ANN• Embedded System SolutionyUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems3Introduction• Recommend Li/CFxPresent / future importance for soldier power applications–Present / future importance for soldier power applications– Similarity to Zinc-battery system▫ Primary batteryyy▫ Near flat discharge– Simplicity of SOC indicator developmentFidthZiiSOCidi t▫Fewer sensors required than Zinc-air SOC indicator▫ SOC algorithm (discharge profile, temperature)▫ Use of existing SOC indicator components▫ Availability of data– Present SOCI needs improvementUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems4IntroductionAd tf Li/CF C llAdvantages of Li/CFx Cells:•Long shelf lifeLong shelf life•Low temperature performance•High temperature operation.•No need to monitor O2or HumidityUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems9IntroductionUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems5IntroductionUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems6IntroductionLi/CFx – Primary Cell (non-rechargeable)Li/CF Did llUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsLi/CFx D-sized cell7Introduction10x1 Cell Battery PackyOCV: 30–35V5x2 Cell Battery PackOCV: 30 35V5x2 Cell Battery PackOCV: 15 – 18VUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsExample of Li/CFx Rayovac BR-20 Battery Pack8Project ProblemPresent problem for SOCI for Li/CFx batteries:• Large•Costly batteries:y• Heavy• Too many battery sizes•Too many batteriesrequired toToo many batteriesrequired to complete long missions• Power demands increasing•Flatdischargeprofile•Flat discharge profileUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems10The Problem Voltage vs. Capacity at Different Temperatures31.522.5age (V)0.511.5Volta+55C+35C+20C0C-20C-40CCurrentIn MarketSOCI00 2 4 6 8 101214161820Capacity (Ah)Actual SOC100% of Battery Ri100% SOCUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsRemainsSOCReading11The Problem Voltage vs. Capacity at Different Temperatures31.522.5age (V)0.511.5Volta+55C+35C+20C0C-20C-40CCurrentIn MarketSOCI00 2 4 6 8 101214161820Capacity (Ah)Actual SOC50% of Battery Ri50% SOCUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsRemainsSOCReading12The Problem Voltage vs. Capacity at Different Temperatures3Sudden Drop1.522.5age (V)Drop0.511.5Volta+55C+35C+20C0C-20C-40CCurrentIn MarketSOCI00 2 4 6 8 101214161820Capacity (Ah)Actual SOC40% of Battery Ri0% SOCReadingUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsRemainsReading13Proposed Solution Voltage vs. Capacity at Different Temperatures3Sudden DropUse a1.522.5age (V)DropANNCoulomb Counting over0.511.5Volta+55C+35C+20C0C-20C-40CCounting over flat regionVoltage di00 2 4 6 8 101214161820Capacity (Ah)recordingUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery Systems14Proposed Solution• Li/CFx Mathematical Model Solution (E. William)o Math equations used to simulate voltage discharge and SOC o Math model (V,I,Temp) trains ANN• Li/CFx Data Collection (V. Gupta)(p)o Test cells in -40C to 80C Temperature rangeo Compare Lab Data to Math Model Data•ANNSolution (M.Kreiand O. Linda)ANN Solution (M. Kreiand O. Linda)o ANN utilizes book keeping method (V,I,SOC)o Output layer function of LED in Embedded system •EmbbededSystem Solution (MHuff V Gupta)•EmbbededSystem Solution (M. Huff, V. Gupta)o Program Code from trained ANN to MSP430o Design and Assemble components for SOCIDesign code for HW and SW interfaceUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsoDesign code for HW and SW interface15Proposed SolutionFlow of I/OMicrocontroller based SOCI system for Li/CFxUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsMicrocontroller based SOCI system for Li/CFx16Mathematical-based Li-CFxModelPreliminary VersionUS MARCOR SBIR Topic#: N06-101, Contract#: M67854-08-C-6530, SBIR Proprietary InformationDevelopment of State-of-Charge Technology for Zn/Air Battery SystemsLi/CFxD-sized cell17Mathematical-based Li-CFxModelPreliminary